Kinematics Flashcards
What is kinematics?
describes the motion of an object or body
How is distance travelled?
- horizontally eg. running distance.
- vertically eg. jump height.
- by a part of the body eg. stride length, limb displacement.
How do we know how fast something is moving?
Running speed
Stride parameters
How is speed altered?
Acceleration
Deceleration
Change of direction
What is a vector?
have a magnitude and direction
What is a scalar?
have magnitude but not direction
What is a distance?
the length of a path taken
scalar
What is displacement?
the difference between the starting and finishing points
vector
What is speed?
the rate which something moves from one position to another
What is velocity?
the rate at which something moves from one position to another in specified direction
vector
What is acceleration?
the change in velocity with respect to time
caused by a force
What is positive acceleration?
speeding up
What is negative acceleration?
slowing down
What is a stride?
complete cycle of movement from the contact of a specific foot to the next contact of the same foot
What is stride time?
the time taken for a complete stride
What is stride length?
the distance travelled during one complete stride
What is stride frequency?
the number of strides per second
What is the duty factor?
stance phase as a proportion of the stride time
What is swing phase?
the portion of the stride for which a foot is not in contact with the ground
What is stance phase?
the portion of the stride for which a foot is in contact with the ground
What kinematic factors might limit athletic performance?
power
limb force
leg swing
What are uses of kinematic?
• When an animal is injured, normal kinematic variables
are likely to change.
• The most basic example is that an injured animal is most
likely to move slower.
• Kinematic measurements are used in order to detect and
quantify ‘lameness’.
• This is most commonly carried out in horses, livestock
(particularly cattle) and dogs.
• Taking basic kinematic measurements of the whole body
and body segments, as well as stride kinematics can give
an indication of the location and severity of an injury.
