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SPEX201 > KInematics (M1) > Flashcards

KInematics (M1) Flashcards

1
Q

if you speeding you to the right what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

all positive

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2
Q

if your travelling to the right and you speed is NOT changing what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity is positive
change in motion 0- constant
direction of acceleration 0

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3
Q

if your slowing down but travelling to the right what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity Positive
change in motion negative
direction of acceleration negative

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4
Q

if your speeding up but travelling to the left what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity negative
change in motion positive
acceleration direction negative

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5
Q

if your travelling to the left and you speed is not changing what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity negative
change in motion 0 - constant
acceleration 0

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6
Q

if your travelling to the left but slowing down what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity negative
change in motion negative
acceleration positive( because its moving back to the right)

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7
Q

how is stride defined

A

distance between consecutive ground strikes on the same leg

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8
Q

what is a step length

A

distance between consecutive ground strikes, going from right foot to left

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9
Q

what is an absolute reference frame describe

A

used to describe landmarks (CoM) or segment positions (angles

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10
Q

the other angle that is not the inside angle and is often measured is called

A

supplementary angle

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11
Q

if inside angle is greater then the supplementary angle will be less or greater

A

less

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12
Q

sin is what sides over which

A

opposite over hypothesis

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13
Q

what is the calculation when finding an angle

A

e.g. theta = tan^-1 (O/A)

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14
Q

when do use the pythagorean theorem and what is it

A

when you trying to find the sides - and have the angle
c^2 =a^2+b^2

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15
Q

what do vectors have (2 things)

A

magnitude and direction

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16
Q

if forces are parallel and act along the same line do we multiple or add them

A

add them

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17
Q

if forces are in opposite direction e.g. force going up and force pushing down what do we use to solve this

A

trig

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18
Q

what is the difference between quantitative and qualitative analysis

A

quantitative - measurement of movement
qualitative - judgement of the quality of movement are made

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19
Q

what are 3 measurement of quantitive approach

A
  • motion capture
  • forces
  • muscle activity
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20
Q

what are 3 advantages to quantitative (measurement)

A
  1. accurate measurements
  2. numerical comparisons
  3. data basing
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21
Q

what are 3 disadvantages to quantitative

A
  • expensive
  • time consuming
  • lacks ecologically validity - often unable to do it in real field environment
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22
Q

what are 3 advantages to qualitative analysis

A
  • cheap
  • field base
  • less technical skills required
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23
Q

what are 3 disadvantages to qualitative approach (judging quality of movement)

A
  • observer bias
  • reliability often overlooked
  • findings not quantified
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24
Q

what are the 4 stages for a qualitative analysis structured approach

A
  1. preparation stage
  2. observation stage
  3. evaluations and diagnosis stage
  4. intervention
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25
Q

what occurs in the prep phase

A
  • gather understanding of movement
  • need analysis
  • build model
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26
Q

what occurs ing observation phase

A
  • use observation strategy that was made in prep phase
  • reconsider focus of observation, location number
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27
Q

what occurs in evaluation and diagnosis stage

A
  • evaluate strengths and weaknesses
  • address validity and reliability
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28
Q

what occurs in intervention phase

A
  • use feedback to improve
  • review analysis
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29
Q

for fast events e.g. golf swing do you need a high or low frame rate and what speed should shutter speed be at

A

high frame rate wth low shutter speed

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30
Q

what are the 3 components to exposure

A
  1. aperture
  2. shutter
  3. ISO
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31
Q

what is aperture and what is it measured in

A

size of lens opening and measured in f-stops

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32
Q

if have large aperture what does this increase and what does this reduces

A

increase more light to come in
reduces depth of field (background is more blurred)

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33
Q

what does shutter speed do

A

open and close with exposer to light

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34
Q

if a slow shutter speed what does this allow increase of but also reduces

A

increase light buts also reduces motion blur

35
Q

t/f do slow movements need a fast shutter speed

A

no - fast movements do

36
Q

out of sunlight an flood light which is better for shutter speed

A

sunlight

37
Q

what is ISO

A

sensitivity to light

38
Q

what does ISO do to dark pictures but what does it risk

A

lightens dark pictures but risk graininess

39
Q

how do you get the best quality ISO but what does this also need

A

low ISO = best
but needs lots of light

40
Q

how should a camera be set up (3 things)

A

camera level
lens height at centre of image
perpendicular to plane

41
Q

what lens shouldd you zoom in to remove perspective error

A

telophoto lens

42
Q

what does video calibration help to achieve (what type does it measurements)

A

linear measurements
puts it into real world setting

43
Q

the purpose of measurement tech is to answer questions about performance movement- what are the three can you questions

A
  1. can you modify tech
  2. can you gain further understanding
  3. can movement be modified to reduce risk of injury
44
Q

what are high speed cameras needed for

A
  • specialised analysis
  • high speed impact
45
Q

what does 3D motion capture require

A
  1. at least two cameras
  2. calibration object (DLT)
46
Q

what should 3D motion have

A
  1. markers to improve accuracy
  2. lots of patience
47
Q

what do strain gauge of force plates detect

A

change in electrical resistance

48
Q

what does IMUs stand for

A

inertial measurement units

49
Q

what are the three IMUs sensors

A
  1. accelerometer
  2. gyroscope
  3. magnetometer
50
Q

what out of the IMUS detect static and dynamic forces and measures linear kinematics

A

accelerometer

51
Q

what out of the IMUS detect rate of angular motion and measures angular kinematics

A

gyroscope

52
Q

what out of the IMUs detect heading according to magnetic south and orient acceleration and gyro readings

A

magnetometer

53
Q

what is a reference frame

A

a coordinate system that allows us to interpret measurements

54
Q

what does relative reference frames determine

A
  • used for determing realtive segment position and joint angle
55
Q

what does the middle finger represent in the right handed rule

A

z axis

56
Q

the x axis (thumb) explains what orientation

A

mediolateral

57
Q

the y axis (1st finger) explains what orientation

A

anteroposterior

58
Q

the z axis (middle finger) explains what direction

A

longitudinal

59
Q

if you curl your fingers into palm during the right hand rule is this positive or negative

A

positive

60
Q

what are three exceptions to the right hand rule

A
  1. knee flexion
  2. left side ab/adduction
  3. left side internal/external rotation
61
Q

what is a movement example for rotating around the z axis

A

doing a pirouette

62
Q

what is a movement example for rotating around the x axis

A

doing a forward flip
- would be negative direction

63
Q

what is a movement example for rotating around the y axis

A

cartwheel
(adducting)

64
Q

having a low launch angle with pos projection height and higher launch angle with neg projection height will increase or decrease range

A

increase

65
Q

what stage of the gait cycle - hip and knee are flexing

A

early swing

66
Q

what stage of the gait cycle - foot swing under pelvis, max knee flexion - hip still flexing

A

mid stance

67
Q

what stage of the gait cycle - knee extending, hip stops flexing and laterally rotates

A

late swing

68
Q

why is balance more important in running

A

no double stance

69
Q

what in the gait cycle influences amount of pronation and windlass mechanism

A

fot angle

70
Q

describe swing or flight time

A

time one or both legs are not in contact with ground

71
Q

vertical force greater than body weight after about _%

A

10%

72
Q

what force is used until mid stand and what after

A

before - breaking force
after - propulsion force

73
Q

when is velocity highest in running

A

highest during flight
lowest mid stance

74
Q

when is energy absorbed in what stage of gait cycle and when is it released

A

absorbed in early stance
released in late stance

75
Q

what are the three events of a golf swing

A
  1. address
  2. top backswing
  3. impact
76
Q

what can linear movement only be achieved through

A

multi-joint coordination

77
Q

Short change in muscle length produces a large or short movement at the end of limb

A

large

78
Q

to find the vertical component what is the equation

A

velocity SIN (theta)

79
Q

to find the horizontal component what is the equation

A

velocity COS (theta)

80
Q

what is a resultant

A

sum of two vectors or more

81
Q

what is the difference in speed and velocity

A

speed - rate change in distance
velocity - rate change in position

82
Q

position, speed and direction, energy (TME)
are all forms of vectors or scalar quantities

A

scalar

83
Q

these are all forms of scalar or vectors:
Displacement
Velocity
Force
Momentum

A

vectors

84
Q

when something is travelling at a constant velocity what will the acceleration be

A

zero

SPEX201 (2 decks)

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