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KInematics (M1) Flashcards

1
Q

if you speeding you to the right what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

all positive

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2
Q

if your travelling to the right and you speed is NOT changing what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity is positive
change in motion 0- constant
direction of acceleration 0

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3
Q

if your slowing down but travelling to the right what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity Positive
change in motion negative
direction of acceleration negative

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4
Q

if your speeding up but travelling to the left what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity negative
change in motion positive
acceleration direction negative

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5
Q

if your travelling to the left and you speed is not changing what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity negative
change in motion 0 - constant
acceleration 0

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6
Q

if your travelling to the left but slowing down what does this mean for the velocity, change in motion and acceleration direction

A

velocity negative
change in motion negative
acceleration positive( because its moving back to the right)

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7
Q

how is stride defined

A

distance between consecutive ground strikes on the same leg

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8
Q

what is a step length

A

distance between consecutive ground strikes, going from right foot to left

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9
Q

what is an absolute reference frame describe

A

used to describe landmarks (CoM) or segment positions (angles

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10
Q

the other angle that is not the inside angle and is often measured is called

A

supplementary angle

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11
Q

if inside angle is greater then the supplementary angle will be less or greater

A

less

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12
Q

sin is what sides over which

A

opposite over hypothesis

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13
Q

what is the calculation when finding an angle

A

e.g. theta = tan^-1 (O/A)

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14
Q

when do use the pythagorean theorem and what is it

A

when you trying to find the sides - and have the angle
c^2 =a^2+b^2

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15
Q

what do vectors have (2 things)

A

magnitude and direction

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16
Q

if forces are parallel and act along the same line do we multiple or add them

A

add them

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17
Q

if forces are in opposite direction e.g. force going up and force pushing down what do we use to solve this

A

trig

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18
Q

what is the difference between quantitative and qualitative analysis

A

quantitative - measurement of movement
qualitative - judgement of the quality of movement are made

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19
Q

what are 3 measurement of quantitive approach

A
  • motion capture
  • forces
  • muscle activity
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20
Q

what are 3 advantages to quantitative (measurement)

A
  1. accurate measurements
  2. numerical comparisons
  3. data basing
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21
Q

what are 3 disadvantages to quantitative

A
  • expensive
  • time consuming
  • lacks ecologically validity - often unable to do it in real field environment
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22
Q

what are 3 advantages to qualitative analysis

A
  • cheap
  • field base
  • less technical skills required
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23
Q

what are 3 disadvantages to qualitative approach (judging quality of movement)

A
  • observer bias
  • reliability often overlooked
  • findings not quantified
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24
Q

what are the 4 stages for a qualitative analysis structured approach

A
  1. preparation stage
  2. observation stage
  3. evaluations and diagnosis stage
  4. intervention
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25
what occurs in the prep phase
- gather understanding of movement - need analysis - build model
26
what occurs ing observation phase
- use observation strategy that was made in prep phase - reconsider focus of observation, location number
27
what occurs in evaluation and diagnosis stage
- evaluate strengths and weaknesses - address validity and reliability
28
what occurs in intervention phase
- use feedback to improve - review analysis
29
for fast events e.g. golf swing do you need a high or low frame rate and what speed should shutter speed be at
high frame rate wth low shutter speed
30
what are the 3 components to exposure
1. aperture 2. shutter 3. ISO
31
what is aperture and what is it measured in
size of lens opening and measured in f-stops
32
if have large aperture what does this increase and what does this reduces
increase more light to come in reduces depth of field (background is more blurred)
33
what does shutter speed do
open and close with exposer to light
34
if a slow shutter speed what does this allow increase of but also reduces
increase light buts also reduces motion blur
35
t/f do slow movements need a fast shutter speed
no - fast movements do
36
out of sunlight an flood light which is better for shutter speed
sunlight
37
what is ISO
sensitivity to light
38
what does ISO do to dark pictures but what does it risk
lightens dark pictures but risk graininess
39
how do you get the best quality ISO but what does this also need
low ISO = best but needs lots of light
40
how should a camera be set up (3 things)
camera level lens height at centre of image perpendicular to plane
41
what lens shouldd you zoom in to remove perspective error
telophoto lens
42
what does video calibration help to achieve (what type does it measurements)
linear measurements puts it into real world setting
43
the purpose of measurement tech is to answer questions about performance movement- what are the three can you questions
1. can you modify tech 2. can you gain further understanding 3. can movement be modified to reduce risk of injury
44
what are high speed cameras needed for
- specialised analysis - high speed impact
45
what does 3D motion capture require
1. at least two cameras 2. calibration object (DLT)
46
what should 3D motion have
1. markers to improve accuracy 2. lots of patience
47
what do strain gauge of force plates detect
change in electrical resistance
48
what does IMUs stand for
inertial measurement units
49
what are the three IMUs sensors
1. accelerometer 2. gyroscope 3. magnetometer
50
what out of the IMUS detect static and dynamic forces and measures linear kinematics
accelerometer
51
what out of the IMUS detect rate of angular motion and measures angular kinematics
gyroscope
52
what out of the IMUs detect heading according to magnetic south and orient acceleration and gyro readings
magnetometer
53
what is a reference frame
a coordinate system that allows us to interpret measurements
54
what does relative reference frames determine
- used for determing realtive segment position and joint angle
55
what does the middle finger represent in the right handed rule
z axis
56
the x axis (thumb) explains what orientation
mediolateral
57
the y axis (1st finger) explains what orientation
anteroposterior
58
the z axis (middle finger) explains what direction
longitudinal
59
if you curl your fingers into palm during the right hand rule is this positive or negative
positive
60
what are three exceptions to the right hand rule
1. knee flexion 2. left side ab/adduction 3. left side internal/external rotation
61
what is a movement example for rotating around the z axis
doing a pirouette
62
what is a movement example for rotating around the x axis
doing a forward flip - would be negative direction
63
what is a movement example for rotating around the y axis
cartwheel (adducting)
64
having a low launch angle with pos projection height and higher launch angle with neg projection height will increase or decrease range
increase
65
what stage of the gait cycle - hip and knee are flexing
early swing
66
what stage of the gait cycle - foot swing under pelvis, max knee flexion - hip still flexing
mid stance
67
what stage of the gait cycle - knee extending, hip stops flexing and laterally rotates
late swing
68
why is balance more important in running
no double stance
69
what in the gait cycle influences amount of pronation and windlass mechanism
fot angle
70
describe swing or flight time
time one or both legs are not in contact with ground
71
vertical force greater than body weight after about _%
10%
72
what force is used until mid stand and what after
before - breaking force after - propulsion force
73
when is velocity highest in running
highest during flight lowest mid stance
74
when is energy absorbed in what stage of gait cycle and when is it released
absorbed in early stance released in late stance
75
what are the three events of a golf swing
1. address 2. top backswing 3. impact
76
what can linear movement only be achieved through
multi-joint coordination
77
Short change in muscle length produces a large or short movement at the end of limb
large
78
to find the vertical component what is the equation
velocity SIN (theta)
79
to find the horizontal component what is the equation
velocity COS (theta)
80
what is a resultant
sum of two vectors or more
81
what is the difference in speed and velocity
speed - rate change in distance velocity - rate change in position
82
position, speed and direction, energy (TME) are all forms of vectors or scalar quantities
scalar
83
these are all forms of scalar or vectors: Displacement Velocity Force Momentum
vectors
84
when something is travelling at a constant velocity what will the acceleration be
zero

SPEX201 (2 decks)

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