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Physics > Kinematics Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Kinematics Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Average Speed

A

the total distance covered divided by the total time taken (instant in time)

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2
Q

Average Speed Formula

A

Vave =
d
–
t

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3
Q

Average Velocity

A

the total displacement divided by the time interval

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4
Q

Formula For AVERAGE VELOCITY:

average velocity =
displacement
———————
time taken

A

any “d” is the y-coordinate of a point from the beginning or end of a line

Vave =
d2 - d1
----------
t2 - t1
=
∆d
----
∆t
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5
Q

Displacement

A

the change in position from a reference point

  • vector quantity
  • ->includes magnitude and direction
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6
Q

Displacement Formula

A

∆d = d2 -d1

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7
Q

When would you use the subtracting displacement formula?

∆d = d2 - d1

A

When there is 1 displacement or when vectors follow the same direction

EX. both vectors are going [E]
———————>——–>

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8
Q

When would you use the adding displacement formula?

∆d = ∆d1 + ∆d2

A

When there is more than 1 displacement or when vectors are in different directions

Ex one vector going [W] then another traveling [E] from that last point

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9
Q

Distance

A

the length of a path taken

  • a scalar quantity
  • ->includes magnitude only
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10
Q

Instantaneous Velocity

A

the moment-to-moment measurement of an object’s velocity

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11
Q

if the velocity of an object is CONSTANT…

A

then the instantaneous velocity is equal to its average velocity & equal to the SLOPE OF THE LINE on a p-t graph

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12
Q

if the velocity CHANGES every moment during the motion of an object…

A

then no portion of the p-t graph is a straight line

–>p-t is made up of tangents

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13
Q

How can you determine the slope of a curve?

A

each tangent on a curve has a unique slope, which represents the velocity at that instant

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14
Q

What does the slope of a straight line of a p-t graph give?

What does the slope of a tangent at a point on a curved p-t graph give?

A

straight line: the velocity

tangent: the instantaneous velocity

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15
Q

Magnitude

A

the number and unit of a vector

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16
Q

Non-Uniform Motion

A

an object that moves through unequal displacements in equal intervals of time

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17
Q

Origin

A

a main reference point

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18
Q

Position

A

the location of an object relative to a reference point

  • vector quantity
  • ->includes magnitude, direction and a reference point
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19
Q

Characteristics and Examples of Scalar Quantities

A

-only have a size and unit

2 Parts:

  1. Number
  2. Unit

Examples:
Distance (d) - 5m
Speed (v) - 15km/hr
Time (t) -8.0s

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20
Q

Characteristics and Examples of Vector Quantities

A

-have a size, unit AND direction

3 Parts:

  1. Number
  2. Unit
  3. Direction

Examples:
Displacement (∆d) - 5m [E]
Velocity (v) - 15km/hr [NW]
Acceleration (a) - 8m/s [FORWARD]

21
Q

What are the 3 ways motion can be described by?

A
  1. A reference point
  2. A magnitude (number and unit)
  3. A direction

as well as certain physical characteristics such as SPEED, DISTANCE, TIME, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION etc

22
Q

Speed

A

the distance covered per unit time

  • scalar quantity
  • ->SI unit is m/s or km/h
23
Q

Tangent

A

a straight line that touches a curve only at one point

24
Q

Uniform Motion

A

motion with no change in direction

25
Q

Velocity

A

displacement per unit time

26
Q

To Calculate Velocity:

A

look at the slope of a position-time graph for an object in uniform motion

slope =
y2 - y1
———–
x2 - x1

27
Q

Conversion to get a smaller answer:

m —> km

A

x and y equal whatever unit of measure the question pertains to

(1/x) multiplied by (1/y)

28
Q

Conversion to get a larger answer:

km —> m

A

x and y equal whatever unit of measure the question pertains to

(x/1) multiplied by (y/1)

29
Q

When are the distance and the magnitude of displacement equal, and when are they different?

A

If the object does not change direction, then the distance and displacement are equal. If the object does changes direction, then the distance and displacement are different.

30
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Speed is distance covered per unit time and is a scalar quantity.
Velocity is displacement per unit time and is a vector quantity.

31
Q

Describe the relationship between the velocity and acceleration vectors when an object speeds up. How does this relationship change when the object slows down?

A

When the object is speeding up, the velocity and acceleration vectors have the same sign. They have different signs when the object is slowing down.

32
Q

Positive diagonal line on a POSITION-TIME graph means?

A

slope is positive:

-velocity is constant and positive

33
Q

Negative diagonal line on a POSITION-TIME graph means?

A

slope is negative:

-velocity is constant and negative

34
Q

Curved slope on a POSITION-TIME graph means?

A

-velocity is not constant as the object is undergoing acceleration

35
Q

Horizontal line on a POSITION-TIME graph means?

A

the object is stationary as the position does not change with time

36
Q

Positive diagonal line on a VELOCITY-TIME graph, in the POSITIVE QUADRANT means?

A

object is speeding up

  • positive velocity
  • positive acceleration
37
Q

Positive diagonal line on a VELOCITY-TIME graph, in the NEGATIVE QUADRANT means?

A

object is slowing down

  • negative velocity
  • positive acceleration
38
Q

Negative diagonal line on a VELOCITY-TIME graph, in the POSITIVE QUADRANT means?

A

object is slowing down (in the negative direction)

  • positive velocity
  • negative acceleration
39
Q

Negative diagonal line on a VELOCITY-TIME graph, in the NEGATIVE QUADRANT means?

A

object is speeding up (in the negative direction)

  • negative velocity
  • negative acceleration
40
Q

Horizontal line on a VELOCITY-TIME graph means?

A

the object is moving at a constant velocity

  • positive or negative velocity (depending on which quadrant the line is in)
  • zero acceleration
41
Q

Horizontal line on the X-AXIS on a VELOCITY-TIME graph means?

A

object isn’t moving

-velocity is zero

42
Q

V-T GRAPH: What happens if a line crosses over the x-axis from the positive region to the negative region of the graph (or vice versa)?

A

the object has changed directions

43
Q

V-T GRAPH: how can you tell if an object is speeding up?

A

the magnitude of the velocity is increasing

44
Q

V-T GRAPH: how can you tell if an object is slowing down?

A

the magnitude of the velocity is decreasing

45
Q

Acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity per unit time

46
Q

An object undergoes acceleration if…

A

the MAGNITUDE of it’s velocity changes, while its direction remains the same

the DIRECTION of it’s velocity changes, while its magnitude remains the same

there is a change in the magnitude AND direction

47
Q

Acceleration Formula

A

a =
∆v
—-
∆t

∆t

48
Q

Converting a P-T graph to a V-T graph:
SLOPE; HORIZONTAL LINE

Which is also the same as converting a V-T to an A-T

A
  1. mark each point on the P-T graph where the slope of the graph changes
  2. determine the SLOPE (velocity) of each line segment
  3. draw a horizontal line on the appropriate y-axis for the value of the slope, aligning the x-values to match the moments in time (s) where the velocity changes on both the P-T and V-T graph
  4. wherever there is a horizontal line on the P-T, a corresponding horizontal line is drawn right on the x-axis of the V-T to show 0 velocity
49
Q

Converting a V-T graph into a P-T graph:

AREA; DIFFERENT LINE SEGMENTS

A
  1. divide the area under the V-T graph into a series of sections with defined areas (triangles and rectangles
  2. calculate the AREA (displacement) of each section of the V-T graph, noting in particular whether it is positive or negative
  3. start off by plotting the first point (value of area1) from the V-T onto the P-T and then add the value of area2 to the value of area1 to find the next point on the P-T. Continue to do this for every point you need to plot
  4. wherever there are horizontal lines on the V-T graph, use a ruler to draw straight lines on the P-T where the constant motion takes place (match the moments in time (s) on both graphs)
  5. connect the remaining dots (without a ruler)
  6. wherever there is a horizontal line on the x-axis of a V-T, a corresponding horizontal line is drawn the P-T to show 0 displacement

Physics (5 decks)

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