Kineseology of the Spine, pelvis & trunk

Question 1

what is the significance of the head and trunk?

Answer 1

protect organs
supports head, neck, arms
transmits force
provides stability & mobility for hand + locomotion

Question 2

what occurs after loss of trunk control?

Answer 2

decrease in upper & lower extremity control + fxing
increase risk of falls
maybe spinal deformity
decreased ability to interact with environment
visual dysfx
decreased ADLS

Question 3

what are the parts of the vertebral column?

Answer 3

anterior

posterior

Question 4

what is the fx of the anterior portion of the spinal column?

Answer 4

weight bearing, shock absorption, mobility

Question 5

what is the fx of the posterior portion of the spinal column?

Answer 5

protect spinal cord, guidance for motion, leverage for muscles

Question 6

what is the axis portion of the spinal column used for?

Answer 6

stability and rigidity

Question 7

what are the motions that can occur btwn the vertebrae?

Answer 7

flex
extend
lat flex
rotation
compression
distraction
horizontal & lateral shear

Question 8

what is the effect of movement on the spine?

Answer 8

very small motions btwn the vertebrae but large total effect over multiple segments

Question 9

what is the difference in the curves of the spine at birth vs in development?

Answer 9

birth: single convex curve
infant: raising head creates C-spine curve to accommodate head

Question 10

what is the normal adult curve of the spine at cervical region?

Answer 10

concave posteriorly b/c it must hold heavy head up

Question 11

what is the normal curve of the thoracic spine?

Answer 11

convex posteriorly b/c it needs to make room for the ribs, lungs, heart

Question 12

what is the normal curve of the lumbar spine?

Answer 12

concave posteriorly b/c it needs to support the rest of the body

Question 13

what is the normal curve of the sacral spine?

Answer 13

convex posteriorly and fixed

Question 14

what is kyphosis?

Answer 14

marked increase in posterior convexity of thoracic curve

Question 15

who does kyphosis occurs to most?

Answer 15

senile kyphosis b/c vertebral discs collapse

Question 16

what is lordosis?

Answer 16

increase in one of the forward ocnvexities of the normal bone
i.e. lumbar lordosis or cervical lordosis

butt sticks out

Question 17

how do you tx lordosis?

Answer 17

strengthen abdominals

Question 18

what is scoliosis?

Answer 18

pathological lateral deviation of the spine

Question 19

what is functional scoliosis?

Answer 19

flexible

when pt bends over it disappears

Question 20

what is structural scoliosis?

Answer 20

vertebrae laterally deviate and rotate

ribcage begins to twist which alters cardiovascular system + neck muscles

Question 21

which segment of the spinal column contributes most to (sagital) flexion?

Answer 21

lumbar: 60° flex

Question 22

which segment of the spinal column contributes most to extension?

Answer 22

cervical: 75° ext

Question 23

which segment of the spinal column contributes most to (frontal) flexion?

Answer 23

cervical: 35-45° flex

Question 24

what are the movements of the trunk?

Answer 24

flexion, lateral bending, rotation, some hip action

Question 25

what are the anterior muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 25

``` rectus abdominis external obliques internal obliques transverse abdominis quadratus lumborum ```

Question 26

what is the action of the rectis abdominis?

Answer 26

flex spine | approximates the thorax & pelvis anteriorly (sternum & pelvis come together)

Question 27

what is the action of the external abdominis?

Answer 27

bilaterally: flex spine, support/compress viscera unilaterally: rotate spine to opposite side with pelvis fixed

Question 28

what is the action of the internal obliques?

Answer 28

bilaterally: flex spine, support/compress viscera unilaterally: rotate spine to opposite side with pelvis fixed

Question 29

what does weak internal obliques result in?

Answer 29

lordosis

Question 30

what is the action of the transverse abdominis?

Answer 30

acts like girdle to flatten abdominal wall (depress abdomen)

Question 31

what is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 31

assists extension, laterally flex lumbar spine, depress last rib bilaterally: fixes last 2 ribs during respiration helps hike hip up

Question 32

what is the action of the erector spinae?

Answer 32

extension, lateral flexion, rotation of trunk

Question 33

what is the sway back posture?

Answer 33

pelvis brought forward (pregnant)