Kinesiology of Exercise

Question 1

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 1

Type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it shortens

Question 2

What is an eccentric contraction?

Answer 2

Type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it lengthens

Question 3

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 3

Muscle activation in which the muscle fires but there is no movement at the joint and no change in length of the muscle

Question 4

What is stabilization?

Answer 4

The act of being stable or balanced

Question 5

Muscles perform what 3 types of contractions?

Answer 5

1. Concentric
2. Eccentric
3. Isometric

Question 6

What is concentric strength?

Answer 6

Measure of the maximum amount of weight that can be overcome in one repetition (1RM)

Question 7

The eccentric contraction can generate up to ___% greater tension than the concentric.

Answer 7

50

Question 8

You can generate approximately ___% greater strength in an isometric contraction than in a concentric.

Answer 8

20

Question 9

What is a primer mover(agonist)?

Answer 9

Muscle in a state of contraction, with reference to its opposing muscle, the antagonist

Question 10

What is an assistant mover?

Answer 10

Muscle that plays a secondary role to the prime mover involved

Question 11

What is an antagonist?

Answer 11

Something opposing or resisting the action of another

Question 12

Define co-contraction.

Answer 12

When both the agonist and antagonist undergo contraction

Question 13

What is a stabilizer?

Answer 13

Muscle that steadies or holds a body part in place

Question 14

What is helping synergy?

Answer 14

When two muscles contract together to create one movement

Question 15

The internal and external obliques contracting to create spinal tension in a sit-up is an example of what type of synergy?

Answer 15

Helping synergy

Question 16

What is true synergy?

Answer 16

When a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle

Question 17

What is a neutralizer?

Answer 17

When a muscle contracts to counteract an undesirable action of another muscle

Question 18

Define dynamic balance movements.

Answer 18

Movements in which constant agonist-antagonist muscle contractions occur in order to maintain a certain position or posture

Question 19

Define ballistic movement.

Answer 19

Movement in which inertial movement exists after an explosive or quick, maximum-force contraction

Question 20

Define guided movement.

Answer 20

Movement that occurs when both the agonist and the antagonist contract to control the movement

Question 21

What is the sagittal (anteroposterior) plane?

Answer 21

Vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into left and right portions

Question 22

What is the frontal (coronal) plane?

Answer 22

Divides the body into from and back portions

Question 23

What is the transverse (horizontal) plane?

Answer 23

Divides the body into upper and lower portions

Question 24

What are the 3 imaginary planes that the body is divided into?

Answer 24

1. Sagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse

Question 25

What is abduction?

Answer 25

Movement away from the midline of the body

Question 26

What is adduction?

Answer 26

Movements towards the midline of the body

Question 27

What is flexion?

Answer 27

A decrease in the angle between two body segments

Question 28

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 28

Turning upward of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers

Question 29

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 29

Extension of the ankle, pointing of the foot and toes

Question 30

What is extension?

Answer 30

An increase in the angle between two body segments, or the return from flexion

Question 31

What is hyperextension?

Answer 31

Extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit

Question 32

What is rotation?

Answer 32

Circular movement of a body segment about a long axis

Question 33

What is pronation?

Answer 33

Assuming a facedown position. Of the hand, turning the palm backward or downward. Of the foot, lowering the inner(medial) side of the foot so as to flatten the arch. Opposite of supination

Question 34

What is supination?

Answer 34

Assuming a horizontal position facing upward. In the case of the hand, it also means turning the palm to face forward. Opposite of pronation

Question 35

What is eversion?

Answer 35

Turning outward, as of the sole of the foot

Question 36

What is inversion?

Answer 36

Turning inward, as of the sole of the foot

Question 37

What is circumduction?

Answer 37

Movement of a part, an extremity, in a circular direction

Question 38

What is kinesiology?

Answer 38

The study of human motion, dealing mainly with the muscles and muscle functions

Question 39

What are the six primary movements that occur at the joints between body segments?

Answer 39

1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction 4. Adduction 5. Rotation 6. Circumduction