Kinetics Flashcards
Molarity
An expression of concentration; moles of solute per liter of solution (M)
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; mol= M x L
Activation energy
The kinetic energy that reactants must have in order to turn into products
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being changed or reduced by lowering the required activation energy
Chemical kinetics
The study of the rate at which chemical reactions occur
Reaction order
The sum of the powers of the concentrations of reactions in the rate law
Half-life
The time required to turn half of a reactant into products; reaction order dependent.
Zero order
Rate of reaction does not depend on the amount of reactant; as the reaction proceeds, the half-life decreases
First order
If the reactant is doubled the rate of reaction doubles; as the reaction proceeds, the half-life doesn’t change.
Second order
If the reactant is doubled, the rate of reaction quadruples; as the reaction proceeds, the half-life increases.
Reaction mechanism
The sequence of steps of elementary reactions by which the overall chemical reaction occurs.
Molecurity
The number of molecules, or ions, that participate in the rate determining step of a reaction mechanism.
Arrhenius equation
Relates temperature to reaction rates; lnk = - Ea/RT + lnA
Limiting reactant
The reactant in a chemical reaction that runs out first and determines how much product is made
