Kingdom Plantae

Question 1

The study of plants

Answer 1

Botany

Question 2

List the characteristics of kingdom plantae

Answer 2

Eukaryotic, multicellular, true tissues, cell walls with cellulose, mostly autotrophic, many chloroplasts in cells, and all reproduce sexually, but many can also reproduce asexually

Question 3

Is moss vascular or nonvascular?

Answer 3

nonvascular

Question 4

Are ferns vascular or nonvascular?

Answer 4

vascular

Question 5

“naked seed”, mostly cone-bearing plants

Answer 5

gymnosperms

Question 6

“seed with a container”, fruit producing or flowering plants

Answer 6

angiosperms

Question 7

Structure that contains an embryonic plant and stored food in a protective coat

Answer 7

seed

Question 8

The structure that encloses the seeds; when it is mature it is called a fruit; found at the base of the carpel

Answer 8

ovary

Question 9

The structure that develops into a seed; found inside the ovary

Answer 9

ovule

Question 10

the stalk that supports the flower

Answer 10

pedicel

Question 11

enlarged end of the pedicel that bears the remainder of the flower parts

Answer 11

receptacle

Question 12

often green, “small petals”

Answer 12

sepals

Question 13

large and brightly colored, located just inside the sepals

Answer 13

petals

Question 14

consists of a stalk (filament) tipped by an anther

Answer 14

stamen

Question 15

where pollen is produced via meiosis

Answer 15

anther

Question 16

consists of a long slender neck (style) with a sticky stigma at its tip

Answer 16

carpel (pistil)

Question 17

catches the pollen

Answer 17

stigma

Question 18

(fern leaves) grow from an underground stem called a rhizome that produces roots and can reproduce asexually.

Answer 18

fronds

Question 19

specialized structures that conduct water and dissolved materials in a plant. Similar to the blood vessels in animals, used for transporting materials throughout the plant.

Answer 19

vascular tissue

Question 20

meaning they grow on other plants but are not parasitic

Answer 20

epiphyte

Question 21

What is the life cycle of moss?

Answer 21

Leafy shoots produce haploid gametes (sperm and egg), so the stage in the mosses lifecycle when the leafy shoots are present is called the gametophyte stage.
Sperm are released and fertilize an egg which causes a sporophyte to grow (diploid)
When the sporophyte capsule is mature it releases spores that are dispersed by the wind and that grow into new gametophytes when conditions are right

Question 22

What is the life cycle of ferns?

Answer 22

Spores are produced on the underside of the frond (sporophyte, diploid)
Spores are released and are dispersed by the wind
Spores germinate and form a tiny heart-shaped prothallus (gametophyte, haploid)
The underside of the prothallus produces rhizoids which produce gametes
Fertilization occurs and new fronds grow

Question 23

What is the life cycle of pine trees?

Answer 23

Pine trees produce pollen cones and seed cones in the spring
Small pollen cones usually found toward the tips of branches produce pollen which contains the male gametes.
Released pollen is carried by the wind and lands on the open scales of small green seed cones either on the same tree or another tree
Seed cones close tightly once pollen is transferred. Then fertilization occurs and the seed develops
Later the seed cone opens and releases the seeds when the environmental conditions are right

Question 24

A single pore in plant epidermis

Answer 24

stoma

Question 25

Sausage-shaped cells that are usually smaller than surrounding epidermal cells

Answer 25

guard cells

Question 26

process where pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma

Answer 26

pollination

Question 27

When pollen lands on the stigma of the right species it stimulates the formation of the pollen tube

Answer 27

fertilization

Question 28

The beginning of the growth of an embryonic plant within a seed. Occurs when environmental conditions are right: proper moisture, temperature, and oxygen

Answer 28

germination