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IGCSE Biology > Kingdoms > Flashcards

Kingdoms Flashcards

1
Q

What kingdom is Amobea in?

A

Protoctista

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2
Q

What are the 5 main kingdoms called?

A
  • Animal
  • Plant
  • Protoctista
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
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3
Q

What are fungi walls made of?

A

Chitin

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4
Q

What’s an example of a membrane bound organelle?

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

What has a protein coat?

A

Viruses

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6
Q

What does multicellular fungi have?

A

Hyphae

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7
Q

What’s an example of a single celled fungi?

A

Yeast

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8
Q

What has no membrane bound organelles?

A

Prokaryotes cells

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9
Q

What is an example of prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms can photosynthesis?

A

Plants, Protoctista and Bacteria/Prokaryotes

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11
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms cannot photosynthesis?

A

Animals and Fungi

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12
Q

What do plants use for storage?

A

Starch (Carbohydrate)

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13
Q

What do animals use for storage?

A

Glycogen (Carbohydrate)

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14
Q

What are prokaryotic/bacterial cell wall made of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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15
Q

What is the type of nutrition in fungi?

A

Saprotrophic

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16
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms have eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Animal
  • Plant
  • Fungi
  • Protoctista
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17
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms have prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria

18
Q

What is the definition of a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell with membrane bound organelles - especially a proper nucleus

19
Q

Which kingdoms contain only multi-cellular organisms?

A

Plants and animals

20
Q

What is autotrophic nutrition?

A

Making your own food - e.g. photosynthesis

21
Q

What is heterotrophic nutrition?

A

Eating other organisms for food

22
Q

What is saprophytic nutrition?

A

Eating only dead things

23
Q

Which kingdom is made up of only saprophytic organisms?

A

Fungi

24
Q

Explain why a virus is not considered to be a living organism?

A

They do not respire, therefore they are not living cells but are made by living cells

25
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism (or virus) that makes you ill - causes disease

26
Q

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm - no nucleus. Bacterial cells have 1 large circular chromosome and smaller circles of DNA called plasmids.

27
Q

What is the name of the protective layer outside of bacterial cell walls?

A

Capsule

28
Q

Some species (not all) of bacteria have a kind of ‘tail’ that helps them to move. What is this structure called?

A

Flagellum

29
Q

What effect does Tobacco Mosaic Virus have on leaves?

A

Causes brown patches by stopping chlorophyll production

30
Q

Green algae are single celled autotrophs with cells that look very similar to plants. Why are they categorised as protoctista and not as plants by biologists?

A

Because they are not multi-cellular

31
Q

Why are the protoctista so varied?

A

Any single celled eukaryotic organism that doesn’t fit into the other kingdoms is called a protoctista. Therefore, different species have many of the characteristics of other kingdoms.

32
Q

Which kingdoms store carbohydrates as glycogen?

A

All Animals and Fungi and some species of Protoctista.

33
Q

What does MRS C GREN stand for?

A
  • Move
  • Respire
  • Sensitive
  • Control
  • Grow
  • Reproduce
  • Excrete
  • Nutrition
34
Q

What are the common feature/characteristics of plants?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Contain chloroplasts
  • Able to carry out photosynthesis
  • Cellulose cell wall
  • Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
35
Q

What are common features/characteristics of animals?

A
  • Multicellular
  • Don’t contain chlorophyll so cannot carry out photosynthesis
  • No cell wall
  • Usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from place to place
  • Often store carbohydrates as glycogen
36
Q

What are the common features/characteristics in fungi?

A
  • Body organised in mycelium (but some are single celled)
  • Not able to carry out photosynthesis
  • Cell walls made of chitin
  • Saprotrophic nutrition(extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes on to food material and the absorption of organic products)
  • May store carbohydrates as glycogen
37
Q

What are the common features/characteristics of bacteria?

A
  • Microscopic single celled organisms
  • Simple cell structure with no nucleus but a single circular chromosome of DNA
  • Most feed on other living or dead organisms but some can carry out photosynthesis
  • They have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
38
Q

What are the common features/characteristics of viruses?

A
  • Small particles (smaller than bacteria)
  • Parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells
  • No cellular structure but a protein coat and contains one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
39
Q

What are the levels of organisation within an organism?

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

40
Q

What can pathogens be in the form of?

A

Viruses, bacteria, unicellular, multicellular eukaryotes

IGCSE Biology (20 decks)

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