Kitaab Ul Aqdeeyah (Book Of Decision Making)

Question 1

Chapter 1: The vow of the defendant.

Answer 1

باب الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ

Question 2

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لاَدَّعَى نَاسٌ دِمَاءَ رِجَالٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 2

Indeed Nabi SAW said “had people been given according to their claims, people would claim blood of a man and their wealth, but the vow is upon the defendant.” (The defendant would have to take a vow with witnesses to say they didn’t do the crime.)

Question 3

Chapter 2: The obligation of judging with a witness and a vow present.

Answer 3

باب الْقَضَاءِ بِالْيَمِينِ وَالشَّاهِدِ ‏‏

Question 4

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَضَى بِيَمِينٍ وَشَاهِدٍ ‏.‏

Answer 4

Ibn Abbas ra narrated, Indeed Nabi (SAW) would judge with a vow and a witness.

Question 5

Chapter 3: The judge’s judgement shouldn’t be changed after.

Answer 5

باب الْحُكْمِ بِالظَّاهِرِ وَاللَّحْنِ بِالْحُجَّةِ

Question 6

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ إِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَىَّ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِي لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوٍ مِمَّا أَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ فَمَنْ قَطَعْتُ لَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلاَ يَأْخُذْهُ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ بِهِ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 6

Umme Salma narrated Nabi (SAW) said “Indeed when you come to me presenting your arguments and some of you, would be eloquent in, presenting your case over the other, so I decide for him, according to what I have heard, so whoever takes away the right from his brother about anything, so he shouldn’t take it . So indeed, I will cut a piece for him from a piece from the hell fire.”

Question 7

Chapter 4: The story of Hind

Answer 7

باب قَضِيَّةِ هِنْدٍ ‏‏

Question 8

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ دَخَلَتْ هِنْدٌ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ امْرَأَةُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ لاَ يُعْطِينِي مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ مَا يَكْفِينِي وَيَكْفِي بَنِيَّ إِلاَّ مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْ مَالِهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِهِ ‏.‏ فَهَلْ عَلَىَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ جُنَاحٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ خُذِي مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَيَكْفِي بَنِيكِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 8

Hzrt Aisha ra said that hind bintee ukba entered, the wife of Abu Sufyan, and she said Oh Messenger (SAW). Indeed Abu sufyan
is a stingy man, he does not give to me from his savings. That which is not enough for me , and that which is not enough for my son. Except that
I have not taken from his wealth without his knowledge. Then she says “if I was to take it would there be any sin”. Nabi saw said “take from his wealth but with goodness and kindness, that which is sufficient for you and that what suffices your son.”

Question 9

Chapter 5: The prohibition of asking a lot of questions without need, and preventing and withholding of other peoples’ rights, and to refuse to give others their rights by withholding it, and you ask for that which does not fall in his right.

Answer 9

باب النَّهْيِ عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْمَسَائِلِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَاجَةٍ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنْ مَنْعٍ وَهَاتٍ وَهُوَ الاِمْتِنَاعُ مِنْ أَدَاءِ حَقٍّ لَزِمَهُ أَوْ طَلَبُ مَا لاَ يَسْتَحِقُّهُ

Question 10

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَرْضَى لَكُمْ ثَلاَثًا وَيَكْرَهُ لَكُمْ ثَلاَثًا فَيَرْضَى لَكُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوهُ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَأَنْ تَعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا وَلاَ تَفَرَّقُوا وَيَكْرَهُ لَكُمْ قِيلَ وَقَالَ وَكَثْرَةَ السُّؤَالِ وَإِضَاعَةَ الْمَالِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 10

Abu Hurayrah ra narrated Nabi (SAW) said “Indeed Allah (SWT) likes for you 3 things. He (SWT) likes for you that you worship Him (SWT) and don’t commit shirk. And that you hold tight to the rope of Allah (SWT) collectively as an Ummah, and do not divide. And He (SWT) dislikes for you irrelevant talks, and asking a lot of questions, and to waste your wealth.”

Question 11

عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ عُقُوقَ الأُمَّهَاتِ وَوَأْدَ الْبَنَاتِ وَمَنْعًا وَهَاتِ وَكَرِهَ لَكُمْ ثَلاَثًا قِيلَ وَقَالَ وَكَثْرَةَ السُّؤَالِ وَإِضَاعَةَ الْمَالِ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 11

Mugayra bin Shu’ba ra narrated that Nabi (SAW) said “ Allah (SWT) has made haram for you disobeying/disrespecting your mother, and burying your daughters alive, and preventing people from their rights. And Allah (SWT) dislikes for you 3 things, irrelevant talks, and asking a lot of questions, and to waste your wealth.”

Question 12

Chapter 6: The reward of the judge if he strives to reach a decision, whether he gets it right or wrong

Answer 12

باب بَيَانِ أَجْرِ الْحَاكِمِ إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فَأَصَابَ أَوْ أَخْطَأَ ‏‏

Question 13

عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ ثُمَّ أَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ ‏.‏ وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَاجْتَهَدَ ثُمَّ أَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 13

Amar ibn as ra narrated Nabi (SAW) said “when a judge makes a decision and it’s the final decision, and he tries his best so for him 2 rewards, however if the judge makes the final decision and he makes a mistake, then he receives one reward.”

Question 14

Chapter 8: Rejection of wrong rulings and to deny any newly-invented matters. (innovations/bida)

Answer 14

باب نَقْضِ الأَحْكَامِ الْبَاطِلَةِ وَرَدِّ مُحْدَثَاتِ الأُمُورِ ‏‏

There are two types of bida, good bida, such as making an Aalimah course, to educate and teach others, or bad bida, which are things such as Milaads.

Question 15

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 15

Aisha ra narrated Nabi (SAW) said “whoever innovates a matter that is not from religion, so it is rejected.”

Question 16

Chapter 9: The best of witnesses

Answer 16

باب بَيَانِ خَيْرِ الشُّهُودِ

Question 17

عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، الْجُهَنِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ أَلاَ أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ الشُّهَدَاءِ الَّذِي يَأْتِي بِشَهَادَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْأَلَهَا ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 17

Zaid bin Khalid al-Juhani ra narrated Nabi (SAW) said “Have I not informed you of the best type of witnesses? That person who brings his testimony/claim before that he is questioned about it.”

Question 18

Chapter 11: It is preferable that the judge rectifies between 2 parties’ disagreement

Answer 18

باب اسْتِحْبَابِ إِصْلاَحِ الْحَاكِمِ بَيْنَ الْخَصْمَيْنِ ‏‏

Question 19

أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ “‏ اشْتَرَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ رَجُلٍ عَقَارًا لَهُ فَوَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى الْعَقَارَ فِي عَقَارِهِ جَرَّةً فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَى الْعَقَارَ خُذْ ذَهَبَكَ مِنِّي إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْكَ الأَرْضَ وَلَمْ أَبْتَعْ مِنْكَ الذَّهَبَ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ الَّذِي شَرَى الأَرْضَ إِنَّمَا بِعْتُكَ الأَرْضَ وَمَا فِيهَا - قَالَ - فَتَحَاكَمَا إِلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَالَ الَّذِي تَحَاكَمَا إِلَيْهِ أَلَكُمَا وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِي غُلاَمٌ وَقَالَ الآخَرُ لِي جَارِيَةٌ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَنْكِحُوا الْغُلاَمَ الْجَارِيَةَ وَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمَا مِنْهُ وَتَصَدَّقَا ‏”‏ ‏.‏

Answer 19

Abu Hurayrah ra narrated many Hadiths Nabi (SAW) said a man bought from another man a piece of land, the man who bought the land he found in that land fell in it gold, so the man who bought the land said take your gold from me , Indeed I bought from you land, but I didn’t buy from you gold. The man who sold the land said Indeed I sold to you the land and whatever is in it. So they took this debate to a man (judge), so he said between them two, do you have a child, so one of them said I have one boy slave, and the other said, I have one girl slave. He said Marry the slave boy and the slave girl, and spend on yourselves, both of you, from it, and give to charity.