KLUBSY: BASICS OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards by RHEMA ENCARNACION

What is the SI name for luminous intensity?

candela

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What is the SI name for amount of substance?

mole

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What is the SI name for thermodynamic?

Kelvin

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What is the SI name for electric current?

Ampere

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What is the SI name for time?

seconds

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What is the SI name for mass?

kilograms

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What is the SI name for length?

meter

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: candela?

luminous intensity

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: mole

amount of substance

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: kelvin

thermodynamics

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: amepere

electric current

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: seconds

time

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: kilograms

mass

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what is the base quantity for the unit name: meters

length

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what is the symbol for luminous intensity

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what is the symbol for candela?

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what is the symbol for thermodynamics

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what is the mnemonics to remember prefixes used with SI units?

Every Prayer To God Moves King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk Monday Night Poor Forever Angel

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What does the mnemonics Every Prayer To God Moves King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk Monday Night Poor Forever Angel?

Exa
Peta
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Hecto
Deka
Base unit (meter, Liter, gram)
Deci
centi
Milli
micro
Nano
pico
femto
atto

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What are the four analytes that have the SI unit umol/L?

Lithium Iron Bilirubin Ammonia Creatinine (LIBAC)

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What is the SI unit for Lithium?

umol/L

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What is the SI unit for Iron?

umol/L

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What is the SI unit for Bilirubin

umol/L

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What is the SI unit for Ammonia

umol/L

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What is the SI unit for creatinine?

umol

What is the Conv unit for Lithium?

mEq/L

what is the conv unit for Bilirubin

mg/dl

what is the conv unit for Iron

mg/dl

what is the conv unit for creatinine

mg/dl

what is CF of Ammonia

0.587

what is CF of bilirubin

17.1

what is CF of creatinine

88.4

what is CF of iron

0.179

what is CF of lithium

what is CF for Sodium

what is CF for potassium

what is CF for chloride

what is CF for bicarbonate

what is CF for magnesium

0.5

what is CF for TPAG (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin)

what is CF for phospholipid

0.01

what is CF for immunoglobulins

10 or 0.01

what is CF for thyroxine

12.9

what is CF for pC02

0.133

what is CF for pO2

0.133

what is CF for triglycerides

0.113

what is CF for uric acid

0.0595

what is CF for phosphorus

0.323

what is CF for calcium

0.25

what is CF for cholesterol

0.026

what is CF for glucose

0.0555

what is CF for BUN

0.357

what is CF for BUN to Urea

2.14

what is CF for Urea to BUN

0.467

this is also known as analytic reagent

ACS standard reference material

ACS standard reference material is also known as

analytic reagent

what are the 5 grades of purity?

1- ACS standard reference material 2- Ultrapure 3-USP & NF 4- Chemically pure 5-Commercial/Technical

this grade of purity is for laboratory use

ACS standard reference material (Analytic rgnt)

this grade of purity is suitable for MOST analytic laboratory methods

ACS standard ref material or analytic rgnt

this grade of purity have undergone addtnl purification steps

ultrapure

this grade of purity is used n specific procedures such as HPLC, immunoassays, molecular diagnostics, etc.

ultrapure

USP stands for?

United state pharmacopeia

NF stands for?

national fomulatory

this grade of purity is used to manufacture drugs

USP and NF

this grade of purity is a.k.a pure grade

chemically pure

chemically pure is a.k.a

pure grade

prep of these chemicals is NOT uniform (impurity limitations are not stated)

chemically pure

this grade of purity is NOT recommended for rgnt prep in clinical laboratories

chemically pure

this grade of purity is primarily used in manufacturing

commerical/technical

this grade of purity is NEVER used in the laboratory

commercial/technical

this reference material is a highly purified chemical

primary standard

this reference material is measured DIRECTLY to produce a substance of exact known conc and purity

primary standard

this reference material is used instead of ACS primary standard materials

Standard Reference Materials (SRM)

this reference material is developed by NIST for use in the clinical chemistry laboratories

Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)

this reference material is used to verify calibration or accuracy/bias assessments

SRMs

this reference material is a substance of lower purity

secondard standard

this reference material has a conc that is determined by COMPARISON with a primary standard

secondard standrd

this reference material depends NOT ONLY on its composition, but also on the analytic reference method

secondary stndrd

who develops the SRMs?

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

this is the most frequent used rgnt in the laboratory

water

it is unsuitable for lab applications

tap water

this is the laboratory required water

reagent grade water

what are the Top 6 rgnt grade water categories?

1-Clinical Laboratory reagent Water 2-special rgnt water 3-instrument feed water 4- water supplied by method manufacturer 5-autoclave and wash water 6-commercially bottled purified water

this is the minimum water quality suitable for routine biochemical testing

CLRW

CLRW can replace what type/s of water for most applications?

Types 1 and 2

this can replace types 1 and 2 water for most applications

CLRW

this is used when CLRW purity is unsatisfactory

Special rgnt water

this is used for procedures that require water of different purity than CLRW

special rgnt water

depends on intended use such as sterility specification for tissue or organ culture, nucleic acid content for DNA testing, and trace metal analysis

Special rgnt water

can be used for internal instrument rinsing, autoclaving, filling water baths, and washing glassware

Instrument feed water

in this rgnt water grade category, specifications are set by manufacturer

instrument feed water

in this rgnt grade water category, the label states its intended use

Water supplied by manufacturer

feed water for autoclaves and dishwashers

autoclave and wash water

this type of rgnt grade water category replaces type III water designation

autoclave and wash water

autoclave and wash water replaces what type of water designation?

type iii

in this rgnt grade water category, it must meet specifications for intended use and be PACKAGED to protect from degradation and contamination

commercially bottled purified water

this is the substance dissolved in a liquid

solute

this is the liquid in which the solute is dissolved

solvent

solute + solvent =

solution

What are the 3 BASIC properties of solution?

- concentration -saturation - colligative properties

parts per hundred or the amount of solute per 100 total units

percent solution

number of moles per 1L of solution

molarity

moles of solute per 1 kg solvent

molality

number of gram equivalent weights per 1L of solution

normality

relatively little solute

dilute

large quantity of solute in solution

concentrated

excess of undissolved solute particles

saturated

greater concentration of undissolved solute

supersaturated

pressure at which the liquid solvent is in equilibrium with the water vapor

vapor pressure

temperature at which the vapor pressures ofthe solid and liquid phases are the same

freezing point

most commonly used & preferred colligative property

freezing point

uses wheatstone bridge

freezing point

temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solvent reaches one atmosphere

boiling point

pressure that opposes osmosis when a solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane to establish equilibrium between compartments of differing concentration

osmotic pressure

What is the relationship between osmolality and freezing point?

What is the relationship between osmolality and vapor pressure

What is the relationship between osmolality and boiling point

What is the relationship between osmolality and osmotic pressure

What is the relationship between boiling point and vapor pressure

What is the relationship between omotic pressure and vapor pressure

T/F: FP and VP are directly proportional to osmolality

FALSE

either an integral part of an instrument or need to be placed in the device

Thermometers

used for temperature maintenance

thermometer

what are the three types of thermometers?

- liquid-in-glass (replaces mercury type) - electronic thermometer (or thermistor probe) - digital thermometer

what is used for the Calibration of liquid-in-glass thermometers?

an NISTcertified thermometer

Most common type of glassware in volume measurements

Borosilicate

examples of borosilicate glass

- pyrex - kimax

this glassware has a high degree of thermal resistance

Borosilicate

this glassware has low alkali content

borosilicate

this glassware is strengthened chemically rather than thermally

aluminosilicate

example of aluminosilicate glass?

corex

Six times stronger than borosilicate glass

aluminosilicate

this glassware resists clouding and scratching better

aluminosilicate

this glassware is alkali resistant

boron-free or soft glass

this glassware has poor heat resistance

boron free

this glassware is Heat, chemical, & electrical tolerance

high silica

this glassware has Excellent optical properties

high silica

this glassware is Used for high precision analytic work, optical reflectors, mirrors

high silica

Made of Soda-lime glass

flint glass

this glassware is the Least expensive but poor resistance to high temp and sudden changes of temp

flint glass

Used for some disposable glassware

flint glass

This glassware has High thermal resistance w/ amber or red color

Low actinic

This glassware has maximum protection to light-sensitive materials

low actinic

This glassware is Used to store control material and reagents (ex: bilirubin standards)

low actinic

This glassware is Wide-mouthed, straight-sided jar with pouring spout.

beaker

This laboratory glassware is Not accurate enough for critical measurements

beaker

this lab glassware is Used to prepare standards for quantitative procedures

volumetric flask

this lab glassware is Pear shaped, long neck with single calibration mark.

volumetric flask

this lab glassware is manufactured to strict standards

volumetric flask

this lab glassware has Sloping sides, graduated markings.

erlenmeyer flask

this lab glassware is Used to hold liquids, mix solutions, measure noncritical volumes

erlenmeyer flask

this lab glassware is Upright, straight-sided tube with flared base.

graduated cylinder

this lab glassware is Used for noncritical measurements

graduated cylinder

this lab glassware Shouldn't be used to measure <5mL or <10% of capacit

biuret

a biuret should NOT be used to measure what capacities?

<5mL or <10% of capacity

What are the 4 types of plasticware used in the laboratory?

1-Polypropylene (PP) 2- Polyethylene (PE) 3-Polysterene (PS) 4-Polycarbonate (PC)

Cylindrical glass tube used in measuring fluids, calibrated to deliver, or transfer, a specified volume from one vessel to another

pipettes

Most basic pipet?

glass pipette

Routinely used pipette?

automatic pipette

what are the 2 classifications of a pipette according to DESIGN?

1-TC or to contain 2- TD or to deliver

what are the 2 classifications of a pipette according to DRAINING CHARACTERISTICS?

1-Blow out 2- Self draining

this pipette classification Does not deliver the same volume when the liquid is transferred into a container

this pipette classification is Referred to as rinse-out pipets

This pipette classification Must be completely transferred for accurate measurement

This pipette classification Delivers or dispenses statedvolume amount)

TD pipettes are designed to drain by WHAT?

Gravity

This pipette classification according to design should NOT be blown oout

This pipette classification is Designed to meet requirements of Class A type

TD pipettes are designed to meet requirements of what type of class?

Class A type

What are the 2 types of classifications of a pipette according to TYPE?

1-Transfer pipettes 2- Graduated/Measuring pipettes

A blow-out pipette has a what as an indicator?

continuous etched ring or band

For blow-out pipettes, the LAST drop of liquid should be expelled by what?

blowing out

examples of a blow-out pipette

- Ostwald folin - Serologic pipette "boOSe"

these pipettes have NO ETCHED ring markings

Self-draining pipettes

In self-draining pipettes, Contents drain by what?

gravity

Examples of self-draining pipettes

- Mohr - Volumetric - Pasteur "si MVP na-drain"

For transfer pipettes, how much should be dispensed without further subdivisions?

1 volume

Examples of transfer pipettes

- Volumetric - Ostwald folin - Pasteur pipets - automatic micro and macropipettes

A graduated/measuring pipette dispenses how much?

several volumes

examples of graduated/measuring pipettes?

- Serologic -Mohr - Micropipet - Bacteriologic - Bali, Kolmer, or Kahn "Since graduate ka na, pwede ka na uminom ng GSM Blue"

This pipet has the Bulb closer to the center; self draining pipet

Volumetric pipette

this pipette is used For non-viscous or aqueous solutions

volumetric pipette

this pipette is Used when diluting standards, calibrators, or QC materials

volumetric pipette

this pipette has the Highest accuracy & precision

volumetric pipette

this pipette is With a bulb closer to the delivery tip

Ostwald folin "Na-Fol sa baba yung bulb"

this is used For viscous fluids (whole blood)

ostwald folin

is Ostwald folin a blow-out pipet or a self draining pipet?

blow-out

is volumetric pipette a blow out pipet or a self draining pipet

self draining pipet

this pipette has No calibration marks

pasteur pipettes

this pipette is used to transfer solutions without consideration for specific volume

pasteur pipette

this pipette is Not for quantitative analytic techniques

pasteur pipette

this pipette is with graduations marks down to tip

Serologic "May LOGIC siya kaya naka-GRADUATE siya hanggang DULO (down to the tip) at nagpaBLOWOUT siya."

What type of pipette is the serologic pipette?

Blowout pipette

This pipette Can be used for serial dilutions and measuring reagents

Serologic pipette

this pipette is Not accurate enough for measuring samples or standards

serologic pipette

this pipette has No graduation marks to tip

Mohr "no more/MOHR graduation dahil na-drain siya"

What type of pipette is the Mohr pipette

self draining

in this pipette, the tip should not be allowed to touch the vessel while pipet is draining

mohr

T/F: with the serologic pipette, the tip should not be allowed to touch the vessel while pipet is draining

FALSE Correct ans: Mohr

this pipette is For volumes ranging from 1 to 1,000 uL

micropipette

this pipette has a Single calibration mark

micropipette

this pipette is Filled by capillary action

micropipette

this pipette Must be rinsed out with diluent to deliver exact amount

micropipette

What are the types of automatic pipettes?

- Air displacement - positive displacement - dispensor & dilutor

this pipette relies on a piston for creating suction to draw the sample into a disposable tip (tips only used once)

air displacement

with this pipette, the tips must only be used once

air displacement

with this pipette, the piston does not come in contact with the liquid

air displacement

with this pipette, the tips are reusable

positive displacement

with this pipette, the Piston is moved in the pipet tip or barrel much like a hypodermic syringe

positive displacement

this pipette is Obtained from the liquid from a common reservoir and dispense it repeatedly

dispensor/dilutor

with this pipette, the Dilutor often combines sampling and dispensing function

dispensor & dilutor

this calibration of pipettes is the Most accurate method

GRAVIMETRIC mtd

this method of calibrating pipettes delivers and weighs a solution of known specific gravity, such as water

GRAVIMETRIC

This method verifies the amount of liquid dispense by a pipette

gravimetric

T/F: in gravimetric mtd of calibrating pipettes, The weight of water is proportional to the volume of water pipetted

true

in gravimetric mtd, the weight of water is proportional to what?

proportional to the volume of water pipette

this is the secondary method in calibrating pipettes

spectrophotometric

in using the spectrophotometric mtd in calibrating pipettes, what is measured?

absorbance of potassium dichromate or p-nitrophenol delivered

this method uses a dye of known concentration and water

spectrophotometric mtd

this method of calibrating pipettes is when a specific amount of dye is pipetted into a specific volume of water

Spectrophotometric mtd

What are 2 basic separatuib techniques?

1-centrifugation 2-filtration

Process in which centrifugal force is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension

Centrifugation

Centrifugal force depends on three variables:

1-mass 2-speed 3-radius

the calibration of centrifuges must be EVERY when?

every 3 months (quarterly)

what must be used to calibrate centrifuges?

use a tachometer or a strobe light

Parts of a strobe light?

- stroboscope - stopwatch

a stroboscope is used to check what?

check speed

this part of a strobe light is used to check speed

stroboscope

Centrifuges must be disinfected when?

weekly (or after spill)

What are the 4 types of centrifuges?

1-horizontal head (swinging bucket) 2-fixed angle head 3-ultracentrifuge 4-cytocentrifuge

a horizontal head centrifuge is also called a?

swining bucket

what is the position of a cup in a horizontal head centrifuge AT REST?

vertical

what is the position of a cup in a horizontal head centrifuge IN MOTION?

Horizontal

with this centrifuge, cups occupy a vertical position at rest

horizontal head

in a horizontal head centrfuge, cups assume what position when the centrifuge revolves?

HORIZONTAL position

what type of centrifuge? Cups are held in a rigid position at a fixed angle

fixed angle head

this centrifuge is more rapid than horizontal-head

fixed angle head

This centrifuge is used when rapid centrifugation of solution containing small particles is needed

fixed angle head

example of a fixed angle head centrifuge

microhematocrit centrifuge

High-speed centrifuges used to separate layers of different specific gravities

ultracentrifuge

Commonly used to separate lipoproteins

ultracentrifuge

this centrifuge is usually refrigerated to counter heat produced by friction

ultracentrifuge

Uses a very HIGH-torque and LOW-inertia motor to spread monolayers of cells rapidly across a special slide for critical morphologic studies

cytocentrifuge

T/F: cytocentrifuge uses a HIGH-torque and LOW-inertia motor

True

this centrifuge is used to spread monolayers of cells rapidly across a special slide

cytocentrifuge

this centrifuge is used for critical morphologic studies

cytocentrifuge

this centrifuge is Used for blood, urine, body fluid, or any other liquid specimen that can be spread on a slide

cytocentrifuge

these Utilize filter papers to separate solids from liquids

filtration

This is the Liquid that passes through the filter paper

filtrate

A solution is put into a bag or is contained on one side of a semipermeable mem. What method is this?

dialysis

Large molecules are retained within the sack or on one side of the membrane, while smaller molecules and solvents diffuse out

Dialysis

KLUBSY: BASICS OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

(252 cards)