Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CORE: MSK > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

most common direction of dislocation?

A

anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vascular injury with knee dislocation?

A

commonly popliteal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

imaging recommendation for knee dislocation?

A

CT angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anatomic patellar variants

A

bipartite/multipartite patella and dorsal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

patellar fracture mechanism?

A

direct blow; extreme sudden tension of the extensor mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

classification system for tibial plateau fractures

A

Schatzker classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which fractures are more stable? lateral or medial tibial plateau?

A

lateral plateau fractures are more stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which horn is bigger in the medial meniscus? which horn is bigger in lateral meniscus

A

medial meniscus: posterior

lateral meniscus: same size bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

attachment of meniscus?

A

anterior/posterior meniscal root; injury causes extrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the meniscofemoral ligaments and the landmark?

A

ligament of Humphry (anterior to PCL)

Ligament of Wrisberg (posterior to PCL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the red zone of menisci?

A

outer zone; more likely to heal bc more vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to differentiate between myxoid degeneration vs tear?

A

tear extends to articular surface ; myxoid degeneration doesn’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most common type of meniscal tear? location? cause?

A

horizontal/oblique tear most commonly occurs in posterior horn of medial meniscus

most commonly due to degenerative changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

best view to see longitudinal/vertical tears?

A

sagittal views; fixed distance from edge of meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cause of bucket handle tear?

A

extension of vertical tear with a free inner edge of meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

most common location for bucket handle tear? where does displaced fragment commonly go?

A

medial meniscus; displaced fragment ends up in intercondylar notch most commonly (but can also go anterior/posteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“absent bowtie” sign
“double delta” sign
“double PCL” sign

A 
absent bowtie: fewer than 2 bowties on adjacent slices
double delta sign: anterior displacement (sagittal)
posterior displacement (sagittal; medial meniscus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vertically oriented tear perpendicular to meniscus arc

A

radial or transverse tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

marching cleft sign

A

radial tear changes position relative to edge of meniscus

may look identical to a longitudinal tear/vertical tear on a single sagittal image.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ghost meniscus sign

A

no meniscal tissue seen when plane of imagine is directly through the radial tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

high rate of meniscal extrusion associated with what type of tear?

A

radial tear –> osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cause of meniscal cyst?

A

extension of joint fluid through meniscal tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

meniscal cyst associated with what type of tear?

A

horizontal cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a discoid meniscus?

A

congenital malformation; increase thickness of meniscus, extends into central tibial plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

problem with discoid meniscus?

A

increase risk of joint line pain, clicking, locking in kids/adolescents; prone to cystic degeneration/tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

most common location for discoid meniscus

A

lateral meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MRI diagnosis of discoid meniscus

A

3 contiguous sagittal slices of oval/bow-tie shaped menisci (4 mm thick, so 12 mm) ; loss of central tapering/bowtie

28
Q

attachments of ACL?

A

femoral intercondylar notch and attaches to the anterior tibial plateau, lateral to the spine

29
Q

number of fiber bundles in ACL

A

anteromedial band and larger posterolateral band

30
Q

MRI findings ACL tear

A

frank discontinuity of fibers or abnormal course/signal; may also see secondary buckling of PCL due to anterior displacement of tibia (positive drawer sign)

bone contusion in the lateral femoral condyle and the posterolateral tibial plateau

31
Q

O Donoghue’s Triad

A

ACL, meniscal, MCL tear; posterolateral corner knee injury

32
Q

XR findings ACL tear

A

Segond fracture; lateral tibial plateau (ACL and IT band injury) avulsion fracture

detachment of lateral capsular ligament

33
Q

Where does IT band insert?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle of tibia

34
Q

Blumensaat’s line?

A

drawn along intercondylar roof

35
Q

ACL graft course?

A

behidn blumensaat’s line parallel to intercondylar notch

36
Q

ACL graft too steep?

ACL graft too lax?

A

graft impinged with leg extension by femur

graft not enough stability

37
Q

cyclops lesion? postop ACL?

A

nodular scarring of Hoffa’s fat pad; nodular soft tissue

38
Q

which is thicker? ACL vs PCL?

A

PCL

39
Q

insertion sites of PCL

A

femoral intercondylar notch more anteriorly than ACL and inserts on posterior tibial plateau

40
Q

MR of PCL injury

A

laxity of PCL; ? abnormal high T2 signal

41
Q

MCL ligament attachments

A

posterior aspect of medial femoral condyle; medial tibial metaphysis, deep to pes anserinus

MCL is extrasynovial (not seen on arthroscopy); intlaced with medial meniscus

42
Q

MCL injury grading

A

Grade I: sprain

Grade 2: severe sprain/tear; Grade 3: complete tear

43
Q

What is a pellegrini stieda lesion?

A

post traumatic calcification medial to medial femoral condyle

44
Q

composition of LCL

A

biceps femoris, LCL, IT band

45
Q

posterolateral corner components

A

LCL complex: BFT, LCL, IT band
Arcuate ligament (Y shaped), connecting fibula to lateral femur
Popliteofibular ligaments
Popliteus tendon (lateral femur insertion)

46
Q

IT band syndrome

A

friction between anterolateral femur/tendon of IT band; anterolatearl knee pain common in runners

47
Q

insall salvati ratio?

A

patellar tendon length to patelar length

48
Q

patella alta ratio? baja?

A

alta >1.2, baja < 0.8

49
Q

extensor mechanism of quadriceps?

A

quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon

quad muscles: vastus intermedius, medialis, lateralis (from femur)

rectus femoris arises from AIIS

50
Q

clinical presentation of quadriceps tendon tear?

A

loss of extension

51
Q

common site of quadriceps tear?

A

within 2 cm of patella; results in patella baja

52
Q

cause of patella alta?

A

tear of patellar tendon, superior displacement of atella

53
Q

jumper’s knee?

A

patellar tendinosis; thickening of tendon

54
Q

where are bone marrow contusions from patellar dislocation? what happens to medial retinaculum

A

lateral femoral condyle and medial patellar facet; tearing of medial retinaculum

55
Q

osteochondrosis of tibial tuercle?

A

osgood schlatter disease; repetitive microtrauma?

56
Q

Imaging findings of osgood sclatter XR, MR

A

XR: tibial tuberosity fragmentation/edema

MR: increased distal patellar tendon signal, bone marrow edema, edema within hoffa’s fat pad

57
Q

divide compartments of knee

A

patellofemoral (medial, -median ridge -lateral, odd facets)
trochlear cartilage: medial, central, lateral
medial tibiofemoral
lateral tibiofemoral

58
Q

types cartilage injuries to the knee

A

thinning

surface irregularity, fissuring, delamination (dissecting detachment)

59
Q

etiology of osteochondrosis disseicans (OCD)

A

repetitive trauma in adolescents….cartilage dehydration and subsequent stiffening transmitting greater force to subchondral bone during loading

60
Q

common locations for OCD

A

knee (lateral medial femoral condyle); ankle (posteromedial/anterolateral talar dome), elbow (gymnasts; anterolateral capitellum)

61
Q

unstable OCD?

A

fragment unattached to bone –> secondary OA

62
Q

PVNS? most common location?

A

benign; hyperplastic proliferation of synovium within the joint; outside joint –> giant cell tumor

knee

63
Q

PVNs presentation

A

knee swelling, recurrent dark brown effusions from hemorrhage –> hemosiderin deposits and cause blooming artifact

64
Q

lipoma arborescens?

A

overgrowth of intracapsular synovial fatty tissue –> fatt masses –> premature OA

65
Q

treatment for lipoma arborescens

A

synovectomy

66
Q

common location for baker’s cyst? ddx?

A

semimembranous tendon and medial head of gastrocnemius muscle

ddx: popliteal aneurysm

67
Q

tennis leg?

A

tear of plantaris tendon or medial head of gastrocnemius

CORE: MSK (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions