Knee

Question 1

What is Valgus also known as

Answer 1

Knock knee

Question 2

What is varus also known as

Answer 2

Bow leg

Question 3

Can meniscus tears be seen on x-ray?

Answer 3

NO but you can see the uneveness in the space around it to tell it’s a meniscus tear

Question 4

What is the most common cause of knee joint pain

Answer 4

Medial meniscus tear

Question 5

What are clinical features of meniscus tear

Answer 5

Pain persists and interferes with weight bearing activity

Pain/popping/catching with any twisting/pivoting activity

Question 6

What do you see on exam for meniscus tear

Answer 6

Swelling, loss of extension

joint line tenderness

decreased ROM

Question 7

What would the McMurray Test show for for meniscus tear

Answer 7

knee fully flexed, leg externally rotated testing for medial tears

if you hear pain or a click then it’s positive

Question 8

What would the apley grind test show for meniscus tear

Answer 8

Patient is first of all prone, knee flexed at 90, axial laood on heel while leg is rotated internally and externally

pain would indicate positive test

Question 9

How can you diagnose meniscus tears

Answer 9

Xrays, MRI, arthroscopy

Question 10

Treatment for meniscus tears

Answer 10

ICE

Quadriceps exercise

Crutches

NSAIDS

Analgesics

Referall

Arthroscopy

Question 11

What is the primary anterior and rotational stabilizer of the knee

Answer 11

ACL

Question 12

What are clinical features of ACL tear

Answer 12

History of significant twisting injury

Popping sensation at the time of injury

Hemarthrosis can also be found

Question 13

What is seen on Physical Exam

Answer 13

Painful
Effusion

Swelling is big too

Question 14

How to diagnose ACL

Answer 14

Xray

MRI is good too

Question 15

Tx for ACL tear

Answer 15

RICE

Knee immobilizer

Crutches

NSAIDS

Surgery

Question 16

What is the common vignette example for PCL tear

Answer 16

Very uncommon

Direct trauma to proximal tibia when flexed knee is decelerated rapidly

DASHBOARD injury

Question 17

Dx and Tx of PCL tear

Answer 17

Posterior drawer test

Tibia sag test

tx with surgery

Question 18

is valgus force mcl or lcl

Answer 18

MCL

Question 19

is varus force MCL or LCL

Answer 19

LCL

Question 20

how do you treat LCL and MCL Grade 1

Answer 20

Localized tenderness over ligament, there is little or no laxity

Treat with RICE and NSAIDS

Question 21

How do you treat LCL/MCL grade 2

Answer 21

Significant laxity, but definite end point reach

Treat with HINGED BRACE 4-6 wks and crutches

Question 22

How do you treat LCL/MCL grade 3

Answer 22

Laxity with no end point

Hinged Braces
Therapy
Possible surgery

Question 23

What is Housemaid Knee

Answer 23

Bursitis of the knee

Pain with direct pressure on the knee (kneeling).
Swelling over the patella.

WARM, SWOLLEN, TENDER, FLUID FILLED MASS OVER PATELLA

Question 24

What is Pes Anserine?

Answer 24

This is buristis of the knee but it is lower than prepatellar or housemaid’s knee

Question 25

Treatments for Bursitis

Answer 25

NSAIDS Ice Reduction of activities Corticosteroids if no infection Drain fluid PREPATELLAR ONLY

Question 26

What is patellar tendinitis also known as

Answer 26

Jumper's Knee

Question 27

What is patellar tendinitis

Answer 27

Overuse syndrome where the quadriceps tendon at insertion has PAIN WHEN it is anterior knee pain NIGHT PAIN WHILE SITTING, SQUATTING, OR KNEELING CLIMBING UP STAIRS

Question 28

What can you see on physical exam for tendinitis

Answer 28

Pain Quadriceps atrophy

Question 29

Dx and Tx for Tendinitis

Answer 29

MRI can be done Rest is important Knee stabilizer NSAIDS Strength and pain free motion

Question 30

WHAT SHOULD YOU AVOID IN TENDINITS FOR TX

Answer 30

AVOID CORTICOSTEROID AND FLUOROQUINOLONES

Question 31

What is Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Answer 31

SEEN IN ADOLESCENTS Repetitive injury Occur at bone tendon junction patellar tendon, tibia tubercle

Question 32

What do you see on PE for Osgood Schlatter

Answer 32

Pain, swelling, tenderness ABOVE TIBIAL TUBERCLE

Question 33

Dx and Tx for Osgood

Answer 33

XRAY showing irregular ossifications or fragmentation of tibial tubercle Avoid triggering activity like sports ICE Immobilization for severe symptoms

Question 34

Patellar Fractures

Answer 34

Direct blow on quadriceps PAIN AND INABILITY TO EXTEND KNEE

Question 35

How do you Dx patellar fracture

Answer 35

AP, Lateral, SUNRISE (top POV) Tx Immobilize Surgery

Question 36

What is Patellar Dislocation

Answer 36

Knee that is giving way or popping out

Question 37

What is tx patellar dislocation

Answer 37

RICE Immobilization Full weight bearing QUADRICEPS EXERCISE

Question 38

What is patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Answer 38

Aka Chondromalacia Patella PAIN WHEN SITTING WITH KNEE FLEXED OR GOING DOWN STAIRS

Question 39

What is Dx and Tx for patellofemoral pain syndrome

Answer 39

Xray is negative, maybe sunrise view can show lateral displacement of patella POSITIVE PATELLAR COMPRESSION AND ENTRAPMENT SIGN NSAIDS, ICE, QUADRICEPS EXERCISE, AVOID TRIGGERING ACTIVITY SURGERY if above fail

Question 40

What is Osteochondritis Dissecans

Answer 40

Avascular necrosis of subchondral bone ACHING PAIN AT REST, WORSE WITH WEIGHT BEARING

Question 41

What do you see on XRAY for Osteochondritis Dissecans

Answer 41

HALF-MOON LESION IN SUBCHONDRAL BONE

Question 42

Tx for Osteochondritis Dissecans

Answer 42

Refer for surgery decrease weight bearing