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NPTE MS > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Femur - femoral condyles are

A

Convex ant/post and med/lat
Medial condyle descends further inferiorly
Lateral has larger SA

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2
Q

Tibia - Medial tibial condyle is

A

Biconcave

Larger SA - more stable, less mobile

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3
Q

Tibia - Lateral tibial condyle is

A

Convex ant/post
Concave med/lat
Smaller surface area, less stable, more mobile

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4
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Tibial facet is slightly convex

Fibular head is slightly concave

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5
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

Synovial hinge joint with 2 DF

Minimal stability - relies on capsule, ligaments, mm

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6
Q

Patellofemoral joint - what guides patellar tracking

A

Oblique groove running inferiorly and laterally is guiding mechanism on femur for patellar tracking

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7
Q

Patellofemoral joint - Patellar surface of femur

A

Patellar surface of femur is concave transversely
Convex sagitally
Gives is saddle (sellar) shape

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8
Q

Knee flexors

A 
Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
TFL at more than 45 
Popliteus
Gastroc
Plantaris
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9
Q

Knee extensors

A 
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
TFL less than 30 degrees
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10
Q

Knee IR

A 
Semiten
Semimem
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
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11
Q

Knee ER

A

Biceps femoris

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12
Q

Tibiofemoral capsule is attached where

A

a fibrous sleeve attached to distal femur and proximal tibia

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13
Q

TIbiofemoral capsule - inner wall is covered by

A

synovium

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14
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint has a fibrous capsule that is

A

Continuous with knee joint capsule 10% of time

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15
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament runs from

A

Medial aspect of medial femoral condyle to upper end of tibia
Post fibers blend with capsule

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16
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament - taut in ___ ;slack in ___

A

taut - extension

slack - flexion

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17
Q

Medial collateral ligament - provides

A

stability against valgus forces

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18
Q

Medial collateral ligament - runs in what direction

A

same as ACL

oblique - ant and inf

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19
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - runs from

A

lateral femoral condyle to head of fibula

No capsular attachment

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20
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - runs in what direction

A

oblique inf and post

Same as PCL

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21
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - taut ___ ; slack ___

A

Taut - extension

Slack - flexion

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22
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - prevents

A

ER and provides stability against varus forces

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23
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament - attaches to

A

anterior intercondylar fossa of tibia and to femur at medial aspect of lateral condyle

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24
Q

ACL - runs in what direction

A

oblique sup and lat

thickening of the capsule

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25
ACL - check ___ and limits __
Checks forward gliding of tibia on femur | Limits IR of tibia during flexion as it twists around PCL
26
Posterior cruciate ligament - attaches to
Posterior intercondylar fossa of tibia and on lateral surface of femoral medial condyle
27
PCL - runs in what direction
Oblique med and ant/sup
28
PCL - checks ___
posterior displacement of tibia on femur
29
Meniscofemoral ligament - runs with
PCL
30
Meniscofemoral ligament - attaches
below posterior horn of lateral meniscus | Insertion into lateral aspect of medial condyle
31
Oblique popliteal ligament - inserts into
expansion from tendon of semimembranosus | Partially blends with capsule
32
Oblique popliteal ligament - function
forms floor of popliteal fossa in contact with popliteal arterial artery strengthens posteriomedial capsule
33
Arcuate popiteal ligament - commonly describes as
Y - has two bands - medial and lateral
34
Arcuate popliteal ligament - stem, med and lat attachments
Stem - fibular head Med band - post border of intercondylar area pf tibia Lat band - lateral epicondyle of femur
35
Arcuate popliteal ligament - strengthens
posterolateral capsule
36
Transverse ligament - connects
lateral and medial meniscus anteriorly
37
Meniscopatellar ligament -
runs from inferolateral edges of patella to lateral borders of each meniscus Pulls menisci forward with ext
38
Alar fold - runs from
lateral borders of patella to medial and lateral aspects of femoral condyles Keeps patella in contact with femur
39
Infrapatellar fold - formed by attachments of
patella fat pad and tendons via fibroadipose band lying in intercondylar notch Acts as stop gap as is compressed by patellar tendon with full flexion
40
Proximal tibiofibular joint ligament - anterior is located ____ and reinforces ___
Located on anterior aspect of joint | Reinforces anterior capsule
41
Proximal tibiofemoral joint ligaments - posterior is located ___ and reinforces ____
Located on posterior aspect of joint | Reinforces posterior capsule
42
Menisci - Medial - attachments
Laterally is attached to MCL and capsule Semimem attaches to it Medial meniscopatellar lig attaches to it
43
Menisci - Lateral vs. Medial
Lateral is smaller and more circular
44
Menisci - Lateral - What attaches to it
Popliteus mm Lateral meniscopatellar ligament Meniscofemoral ligament
45
Lateral meniscus is separated from LCL and lateral capsule by what
Popliteus mm tendon
46
Function of the menisci (6)
1 Deepen fossa of tibia 2 Inc congruency of tibia and femur 3 Provide stability to tibiofemoral joint 4 Provide shock absorption and lubrication to knee 5 Reduce friction during mvmnt 6 Improve weight distribution
47
Movement of menisci with flex/ext
Follow movement of tibia
48
Movement of menisci with IR/ER
Follow femoral condyles
49
Movement of menisci - medial vs. lateral
Medial - 6mm | Lateral - 12mm
50
With isolated tibial rotation, the menisci move
opposite | So with tibial IR, medial moves ant and lat moves post
51
Medial meniscus is pulled post (flexion) by
Semimem mm and ACL
52
Medial meniscus is pulled ant (ext) by
medial meniscopatellar ligament
53
Lateral meniscus is pulled post (flex) by
popliteus mm
54
Lateral meniscus is pulled ant (ext) by
lateral meniscopatellar ligament and meniscofemoral ligament
55
Prepatellar bursa - located
btw skin and anterior distal patella
56
Superficial infrapatellar bursa - located
anterior to ligamentum patella
57
Deep infrapatellar bursa - located
btw post ligamentum patella and anterior tibial tub
58
Suprapatellar bursa - located
between patella and tibiofemoral joint
59
Popliteal bursa - lcoated
posterior knee - often connected to synovial cavity
60
Semimembranous bursa - located
between mm and femoral condyle
61
Gastrocnemius bursa - located
one for each head | medial usually communicates with semimembranous bursa
62
Pes anserine bursa - located
between pes anserine and MCL
63
Movement of femoral condyles with flex
femoral condyles roll post, ACL becomes taut, condyles glide anteriorly
64
Movement of femoral condyles with ext
femoral condyles roll ant, PCL becomes taut, condyles glide posteriorly
65
Conjunct rotation - during flexion there is a conjunct rotation of what
medial rotation of tibia
66
Conjunct rotation - during extension there is conjunct rotation of what
lateral rotation of tibia
67
Screw home mechanism describes what
5 degrees of ER that occurs at terminal extension
68
Causes for screw home mechanism
1 lateral femoral condyle glides more freely on tibia 2 medial femoral condyle has longer articular surface 3 medial meniscus attached to MCL (which tightens in ext) - medial men stops gliding but lateral continues and you get IR of femur - or ER of tibia
69
Biomechanics of proximal tibiofibular joint - DF of talocrural joint
Fibular head glides superiorly and posteriorly | Fibular shaft ER
70
Biomechanics of proximal tibiofibular joint - PF of talocrural joint
Fibular head glides inf and ant | Fibular shaft IR

NPTE MS (29 decks)

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