Knee Anatomy Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the two joints in the knee?
Patellofemoral and Tibiofemoral
What is meniscus
Wedge-shaped fibrocartilage that improved stability and absorbs shock
What are the collateral ligaments in the knee
LCL and MCL, prevent lateral and medial displacement
What are the cruciate ligaments in the knee
ACL and PCL control anterior and posterior tibial displacement
What muscles are involved in the knee
Hamstrings (bicep femoris long and short head, semitendious, semimembranaous) quadriceps (rectus femoris,vastus medialis, vastus lateralis) , gastrocnemious, ITB, popliteus,
What is the function of the quads
Extend the knee
What is the function of the hamstrings
Flexion of the knee and extend the hip
What are the common injuires in the knee
Dislocation, meniscus tears, unhappy triad (injury to ACL, MCL and meniscus), patellofemoral pain syndrome
Discuss the knee angles
Valgus (knocked knees) increased pressure on bone and cartilage on lateral side and Varus (bow legs) leads to meniscus tearing
Describe the popilteus muscle
Triangular muscle at the back of the tibia inserts into the lateral femoral condyle. It is supplied by the tibial nerve. Prevents knee giving way.
What is the Hoffa’s fat pad
Called infrapatellar fat pad. Behind patellar tendon. Acts like cushion, prevents friction and fills the gap for stabilisation. It is highly vascularised
How do you test MCL?
Valgus stress test
How do you test LCL
Varus stress test
What is a bucket-handle tear?
Most common tear. Tear in center of meniscus. The tear resembles a bucket handle because the ends of the meniscus remain attached to the knee joint and the outer edge stays curved.
What are the main nerve in the knee
Femoral, sciatic and saphneous
