Knee BM

Question 1

Joints in the knee

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral & patellofemoral

Question 2

Tibiofemoral joint osteology: femur

Answer 2

Two condyles (M & L)
Radius of curvature
Femoral sulcus

(Look @ pic)

Question 3

Osteology of tibia

Answer 3

Large proximal end with two large plateaus
Post incline
Intercondylar eidge
Tibial tuberosity

(Look at pic)

Question 4

Genu Varum

Answer 4

Media compartment is susceptible to loading

Legs bow out. Like a cowboy

Question 5

Genu Valgrum

Answer 5

Lateral compartment loads

“Knees together”

Question 6

Normal Alignment during motion

Answer 6

Line of weight earring shifts medial to knee joint

Increases medial compartment compressive F

Question 7

Dynamic valgus

Answer 7

Collapse inward at knee

Question 8

Menisci

Answer 8

Semicircular shape on each tibial plateau
Thicker laterally
Circumferential fibers help dissipate loads

Question 9

Menisci functions

Answer 9

Load absorption/dissipation
Guide osteokinematics and arthrokinematics at knee
Limit translations

Question 10

Key bursas around the knee

Answer 10

Suprapatellar
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar

Question 11

Crucially ligaments

Answer 11

Anterior: ACL
Posterior: PCL

Question 12

ACL restricts

Answer 12

Anterior translation of tibia on femur
Posterior translation of femur on tibia

Also (hyperextension, rotations, and varus/valgus)

Question 13

PCL restricts

Answer 13

Prevents posterior translation of tibia on femur
And anterior translation of femur on tibia

Also (hyperextension, rotations, and varus/valgus)

Question 14

Why do ACL and PCL often get injured?

Answer 14

The protect a lot of loads

Question 15

In ACL is absent, what muscle groups can substitute for its role in preventing anterior translation on the tibia?

Answer 15

Hamstrings

Question 16

Contractions of what muscle groups may cause tibial anterior translation of ACL is absent?

Answer 16

Quads

Question 17

In PCL is absent, what muscle groups can substitute for its role in preventing anterior translation on the tibia?

Answer 17

Quads

Question 18

Contractions of what muscle groups may cause tibial anterior translation of ACL is absent?

Answer 18

Hamstrings

Question 19

ACL injury mechanism

Answer 19

Non contact: cutting, planting, deceleration
Combination of femur IR & ER of tibia & valgus **
Stiff knee

Question 20

Medial knee ligament

Answer 20

Medial collateral Ligament MCL
Posterior oblique ligament POL

*limits excessive valgus

Question 21

Lateral knee ligament

Answer 21

Lateral collateral ligament LCL

Question 22

Posterior knee ligaments

Answer 22

Don’t memorize all the names. Group of strong ligaments that prevent hyperextension

Question 23

Iliotibial Band

Answer 23

Fasciae extension on lateral thigh

Passive restraint to anterior tibial translation with knee flexed

Question 24

IT band in knee extension

Answer 24

Lies anterior to flex/ext axis of rotation

Question 25

It band in knee flexion

Answer 25

Lies posterior to flex/ext

Question 26

Flexion/ext kinematics at Tibiofemoral J

Answer 26

Axis of rotation shifts through ROM

Question 27

Femur on tibia flexion

Answer 27

Post roll for first 25° | Post roll and anterior glide for remander

Question 28

Femur on tibia extension

Answer 28

Ant roll initially | Ant roll & post glide through end of motion

Question 29

Menisci during knee flexion

Answer 29

Compressed posteriorly

Question 30

Menisci during extension

Answer 30

Compressed anteriorly

Question 31

Internal/ext rotation of knee

Answer 31

Only when knee is flexed to 90°

Question 32

Abd/add of knee

Answer 32

Occurs during function activities Coupled with flex/ext Flex-add Ext-abd

Question 33

Screw home mechanism: open chain

Answer 33

Look at knee slide 35-38

Question 34

Screw home mechanism: closed chain

Answer 34

Knee slide 39

Question 35

Primary flexor muscles at knee joint

Answer 35

Hamstring group

Question 36

Secondary flexor muscles at the knee

Answer 36

Sartorius, Gracilis, popliteus, and gastrocnemius

Question 37

Main extensors at knee

Answer 37

Quadriceps *in weight bearing… glut max and soles can extend knee

Question 38

Patellofemoral joint

Answer 38

Articulates between post patella and femoral condyles/sulcus

Question 39

Function of the patellofemoral j

Answer 39

Functions as a pulley… increases internal moment arm for quads Improves angle of insertion for quads

Question 40

Normal, patella Baja, patella Alta

Answer 40

Look at pic

Question 41

Q angle

Answer 41

Line of pull of the quads on the patella

Question 42

What lower extremity alignment alterations would increase Q-angle?

Answer 42

Static - valgus | Dynamic - int rot

Question 43

PFJ kinematics

Answer 43

Flexion/ext

Question 44

Patellar flexion

Answer 44

Open chain: inf glide of patella in femoral groove

Question 45

Patellar ext

Answer 45

Open chain: sup glide

Question 46

Bowstring effect

Answer 46

Increased compression w/ greater knee flexion angle Quads activation magnifies this effect

Question 47

Quad F changes based on ext torque demands

Answer 47

Open chain: most F at terminal ext | Closed chain: most F at terminal flex

Question 48

Patellofemoral ligaments

Answer 48

Medial and lateral retinacula Medial and lateral patellofemoral lig Med and latpatellotibial lig

Question 49

Factors that may increase PFJ lateral F

Answer 49

``` Genu valgum Femoral med rot VM to VL imbalance IT band tightness Lat patellofemoral lig tightness ```

Question 50

Regional interdependence on knee

Answer 50

Hip and ankle