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Biomechanics > Knee BM > Flashcards

Knee BM Flashcards

1
Q

Joints in the knee

A

Tibiofemoral & patellofemoral

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2
Q

Tibiofemoral joint osteology: femur

A

Two condyles (M & L)
Radius of curvature
Femoral sulcus

(Look @ pic)

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3
Q

Osteology of tibia

A

Large proximal end with two large plateaus
Post incline
Intercondylar eidge
Tibial tuberosity

(Look at pic)

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4
Q

Genu Varum

A

Media compartment is susceptible to loading

Legs bow out. Like a cowboy

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5
Q

Genu Valgrum

A

Lateral compartment loads

“Knees together”

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6
Q

Normal Alignment during motion

A

Line of weight earring shifts medial to knee joint

Increases medial compartment compressive F

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7
Q

Dynamic valgus

A

Collapse inward at knee

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8
Q

Menisci

A

Semicircular shape on each tibial plateau
Thicker laterally
Circumferential fibers help dissipate loads

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9
Q

Menisci functions

A

Load absorption/dissipation
Guide osteokinematics and arthrokinematics at knee
Limit translations

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10
Q

Key bursas around the knee

A

Suprapatellar
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar

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11
Q

Crucially ligaments

A

Anterior: ACL
Posterior: PCL

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12
Q

ACL restricts

A

Anterior translation of tibia on femur
Posterior translation of femur on tibia

Also (hyperextension, rotations, and varus/valgus)

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13
Q

PCL restricts

A

Prevents posterior translation of tibia on femur
And anterior translation of femur on tibia

Also (hyperextension, rotations, and varus/valgus)

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14
Q

Why do ACL and PCL often get injured?

A

The protect a lot of loads

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15
Q

In ACL is absent, what muscle groups can substitute for its role in preventing anterior translation on the tibia?

A

Hamstrings

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16
Q

Contractions of what muscle groups may cause tibial anterior translation of ACL is absent?

A

Quads

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17
Q

In PCL is absent, what muscle groups can substitute for its role in preventing anterior translation on the tibia?

A

Quads

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18
Q

Contractions of what muscle groups may cause tibial anterior translation of ACL is absent?

A

Hamstrings

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19
Q

ACL injury mechanism

A

Non contact: cutting, planting, deceleration
Combination of femur IR & ER of tibia & valgus **
Stiff knee

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20
Q

Medial knee ligament

A

Medial collateral Ligament MCL
Posterior oblique ligament POL

*limits excessive valgus

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21
Q

Lateral knee ligament

A

Lateral collateral ligament LCL

22
Q

Posterior knee ligaments

A

Don’t memorize all the names. Group of strong ligaments that prevent hyperextension

23
Q

Iliotibial Band

A

Fasciae extension on lateral thigh

Passive restraint to anterior tibial translation with knee flexed

24
Q

IT band in knee extension

A

Lies anterior to flex/ext axis of rotation

25
Q

It band in knee flexion

A

Lies posterior to flex/ext

26
Q

Flexion/ext kinematics at Tibiofemoral J

A

Axis of rotation shifts through ROM

27
Q

Femur on tibia flexion

A

Post roll for first 25°

Post roll and anterior glide for remander

28
Q

Femur on tibia extension

A

Ant roll initially

Ant roll & post glide through end of motion

29
Q

Menisci during knee flexion

A

Compressed posteriorly

30
Q

Menisci during extension

A

Compressed anteriorly

31
Q

Internal/ext rotation of knee

A

Only when knee is flexed to 90°

32
Q

Abd/add of knee

A

Occurs during function activities
Coupled with flex/ext

Flex-add
Ext-abd

33
Q

Screw home mechanism: open chain

A

Look at knee slide 35-38

34
Q

Screw home mechanism: closed chain

A

Knee slide 39

35
Q

Primary flexor muscles at knee joint

A

Hamstring group

36
Q

Secondary flexor muscles at the knee

A

Sartorius, Gracilis, popliteus, and gastrocnemius

37
Q

Main extensors at knee

A

Quadriceps

*in weight bearing… glut max and soles can extend knee

38
Q

Patellofemoral joint

A

Articulates between post patella and femoral condyles/sulcus

39
Q

Function of the patellofemoral j

A

Functions as a pulley… increases internal moment arm for quads

Improves angle of insertion for quads

40
Q

Normal, patella Baja, patella Alta

A

Look at pic

41
Q

Q angle

A

Line of pull of the quads on the patella

42
Q

What lower extremity alignment alterations would increase Q-angle?

A

Static - valgus

Dynamic - int rot

43
Q

PFJ kinematics

A

Flexion/ext

44
Q

Patellar flexion

A

Open chain: inf glide of patella in femoral groove

45
Q

Patellar ext

A

Open chain: sup glide

46
Q

Bowstring effect

A

Increased compression w/ greater knee flexion angle

Quads activation magnifies this effect

47
Q

Quad F changes based on ext torque demands

A

Open chain: most F at terminal ext

Closed chain: most F at terminal flex

48
Q

Patellofemoral ligaments

A

Medial and lateral retinacula
Medial and lateral patellofemoral lig
Med and latpatellotibial lig

49
Q

Factors that may increase PFJ lateral F

A 
Genu valgum
Femoral med rot
VM to VL imbalance 
IT band tightness 
Lat patellofemoral lig tightness
50
Q

Regional interdependence on knee

A

Hip and ankle

Biomechanics (5 decks)

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