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Biomechanics > Shoulder BM > Flashcards

Shoulder BM Flashcards

1
Q

Overall function of the shoulder

A

Position the hand

Transfer F from arm to trunk & trunk to arm

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2
Q

Osteology of shoulder

A

Sternum/ribs
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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3
Q

Arthrology of shoulder

A

Sternoclavicular J
Acromioclavicular J
Scalulothoracic J
Glenohumeral J

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4
Q

Ribs articulating with scapula

A

Ribs 2-7

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5
Q

Clavicles shape

A

Curved (convex medially & concave laterally)

Lateral end slightly elevated and retracted compared to medial end

Acts as a weight bearing bone

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6
Q

Clavicle osteokinematics

A

Protraction/retraction
Elevation/depression
Posterior rot/anterior rot **

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7
Q

Clavicle kinematic during arm elevation

A

Clavicle elevates, retracts, and post. rots

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8
Q

SC joint ligaments

A

Anterior and post SC lig
Costoclavicular lig (ant & post)
Interclavicular lig

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9
Q

SC arthrokinematics during elevation/depression

A

Elevation: sup roll & inf glide
Depression: inf roll & sup glide

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10
Q

SC joint arthrokinematics during retraction

A

Post roll and glide

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11
Q

Acromioclavicular J is what kind of joint?

A

Plane joint

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12
Q

DOF for AC joint

A

3 angular & 2 translational

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13
Q

AC J ligaments

A

AC lig, Coracoclavicular lig (conoid & trapezoid)

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14
Q

AC ligament limitation

A

Reinforces capsule

Sup - stronger than inferior

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15
Q

Conoid ligament (Coracoclavicular lig) limits

A

Limits depression of ACROMION

limits scapula UR @ AC joint

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16
Q

Trapezoid lig (Coracoclavicular lig)

A

Limits retraction of clavicle relative to scapula
Limits scapula UR at AC J
Limits medial translation of scapula on clavicle

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17
Q

Scapula kinematics

A

Internal/ext rotation
Upward/downward rotation
Ant/post tilting

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18
Q

Orientation of head of humerus

A

130° to 150° superiorly

30° posteriorly

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19
Q

Attachments for RC muscles

A

Greater tubercle: teres minor, infraspinatus, suprascapular

Lesser tubercle: subscapularis

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20
Q

GHJ DOF

A

3 angular

3 translational

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21
Q

GHJ static stabilizers

A

Superior GHJ
Middle GHJ
Inferior GHJ (a,p, axillary pouch)

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22
Q

Superior GHJ restricts

A

Downward translation of humerus with arm at side

Tightens w/ GHJ adduction

23
Q

Middle GHJ restricts

A

Anterior translation in lower range of arm elevation

Titans with external rotation in lower range of elevation

24
Q

Inferior GHJ, anterior band restricts

A

Anterior translation above 90° of arm elevation

Tightens with external rotation

25
Q

Inferior GHJ, posterior band restricts

A

Post to your translation above 90° arm elevation

Tightens with internal rot

26
Q

Inferior GHJ, axillary pouch restricts

A

inferior translation above 90°

27
Q

GHJ osteokinematics

A

Flex/ext
Abd/add
Ir/er

28
Q

GHJ arthrokinematics Flex/ext

A

Flexion: superior spin
Extension: inferior spin

29
Q

GHJ arthrokinematics AB/AD

A

AB: sup roll & inf glide
AD: in roll & sup glide

30
Q

GHJ arthrokinematics IR/ER

A

IR: post roll & ant glide
ER: anterior roll & post glide

31
Q

Scapulothoracic joint is a combination of what

A

Combination of Sc and AC motion

32
Q

Scapulothoracic rotations

A

Internal/external rotation 10°
Upward/downward rotation 60°”
Anterior/posterior tipping 15-20°

33
Q

ST osteokinematics UR

A

UR is couples with clavicle posterior rot

34
Q

ST function: glenoid orientation

A

UR Will position the clavicle beneath the humeral head, offering stability

Protraction/retraction orient the Glennoid in the correct plane of elevation

35
Q

ST function: increase elevation ROM

A

Without ST upward rotation, arm elevation would be limited to ~ 120° because humeral head will run out of surface & and hit acromion

36
Q

Arm elevation is a combination of

A

GHJ & ST joint

-st joint is comb of SC & AC

37
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

Concurrent GH rotation and ST upward rotation

2:1 ratio

GH rotation 2°. ST rotation 1°

38
Q

Prime mover of arm elevation

A

Deltoid

39
Q

Stabilizer of GHJ I’m arm elevation

A

Rotator cuffs

40
Q

Stabilizer of STJ

A

Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Rhomboids

41
Q

Deltoid and arm elevation

A

Humerus elevation

Initial F vector has large superior translation effect

42
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Assists w/ humerus elevation

Compression and steering of GHJ

43
Q

Infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis on arm elevation

A

Depression of humeral head until 120° elevation

Ext rot of humerus

Limits ant & post translations in mid range elevation

44
Q

Force couple: elevation

A

Deltoid, supraspinatus + subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor

45
Q

Deltoid, supraspinatus + subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor

A

D & S - superior translation F on humerus

SIT - inferior stabilizing F on humerus

46
Q

Trapezius on elevation

A

Upper: clavicle elevation & retraction, SC compression/stability

Lower: scapula UR & scapula ER

47
Q

Serratus anterior on elevation

A

Protraction, scapula UR, scapula posterior tilting, scapula ER

48
Q

Force couple: trap & Serratus ant (scapula UR during elevation)

A

Upper trap - stabilizes clavicle
Middle & lower trap - medial F on scap (above AOR)
Serratus ant - lateral F on scap (below AOR)

49
Q

Rhomboids & middle + lower traps on ST joint

A

Stabilize ST joint

50
Q

Arm lowering

A

Same muscles work together eccentrically to lower the arm

51
Q

Muscles of depression w/ humerus fixed

A

Lat dorsi
Pect maj & minor
Lower trap

*working to elevate trunk and lower arm

52
Q

Lower thoracic movement during shoulder elevation

A

Extension and contralateral sidebend during unilateral elevation (bending)

53
Q

Upper thoracic movement during shoulder motion

A

Extension & contralateral axial rotation during unilateral elevation (rotation)

Biomechanics (5 decks)

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