Knee (Exam 2)

Question 1

Incomplete stretching of ligament fibers. Giving away feeling.

Answer 1

Mild: Grade I or First Degree Sprain

Question 2

Partial loss of ligament fiber integrity.

Answer 2

Moderate: Grade II or Second Degree Sprain

Question 3

Rupture fiber bundles completely torn.

Answer 3

Severe: Grade III or Third Degree Sprain

Question 4

Combined external rotation, valgus stress, and internal tibial rotation with knee hyper-extension with limb is planted.

Answer 4

ACL Injuries

Question 5

Removal of Fluid

Answer 5

Athrocentesis

Question 6

Blood

Answer 6

Ligament Tear

Question 7

Blood with Fat Droplets

Answer 7

Fracture or Ligament Sprain

Question 8

No Blood

Answer 8

Chronic Meniscus Lesion or Synovitis

Question 9

Mild Instability. 5mm or less of joint surface separation.

Answer 9

Graded 1+

Question 10

Moderate Instability. 5 - 10mm joint surface separation.

Answer 10

Graded 2+

Question 11

Severe Instability. 10mm or greater joint surface separation.

Answer 11

Graded 3+

Question 12

Graft is very fragile for ____ months after surgery.

Answer 12

2 months (6-8 weeks)

Question 13

Graft slowly revascularizes. By ___ months tensile strength 50% of original strength.

Answer 13

3 months

Question 14

Hardest motion to get back after ACL injury.

Answer 14

Extension

Question 15

Maximum Protection (ACL)

Answer 15

Day 1 - 6 Weeks

Question 16

Moderate Protection (ACL)

Answer 16

7 - 12 Weeks

Question 17

Minimum Protection (ACL)

Answer 17

13 Weeks Post Op until Return

Question 18

Posterior force on anterior knee when flexed. Hyper flexion of the knee.

Answer 18

PCL Injuries

Question 19

Most important factor is quad strength. Need to develop strength to greater than 100% of uninvolved limb for success.

Answer 19

Nonoperative PCL Management

Question 20

Most commonly injured knee ligament.

Answer 20

MCL Injury

Question 21

Direct external valgus force applied to lateral knee. Non contact when foot is planted and tibia is rotated externally or abducted.

Answer 21

MCL Injury Cause

Question 22

Grade I MCL Sprain

Answer 22

20% have other ligament injuries.

Question 23

Grade II MCL Sprain

Answer 23

52% have other ligament injuries.

Question 24

Grade III MCL Sprain

Answer 24

78% have other ligament injuries.

Question 25

____ and ____ meniscus have an attachment to each other.

Answer 25

MCL and Medial Meniscus

Question 26

MCL, ACL, and Medial Meniscus

Answer 26

Unhappy Triad

Question 27

MCL, ACL, and Lateral Meniscus

Answer 27

More Commonly Injured Triad

Question 28

90% Type I Collagen

Answer 28

Menisci

Question 29

Stability, Shock Absorption, Load Transmission, Nutrition, Lubrication, Control of Motion

Answer 29

Function of Menisci

Question 30

Most common in older population.

Answer 30

Horizontal Meniscus

Question 31

50-90% of tears in young population.

Answer 31

Longitudinal Meniscus

Question 32

Most common in younger, active population.

Answer 32

Traumatic Injury

Question 33

Most common in greater than 40 population.

Answer 33

Degenerative Injury

Question 34

A line drawn from the ASIS through the center of the patella and distally to the tibial tubercle.

Answer 34

Quadriceps Angle (Q Angle)

Question 35

Femoral anterversion. Femoral Internal Rotation. Patella facing toward each other. Proximal external tibial torsion. Foot pronation.

Answer 35

Miserable Malalignment Syndrome

Question 36

Anterior Knee Pain. Prolonged sitting. Stairs. Running. Crepitus. Swelling.

Answer 36

PFPS (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome) Signs

Question 37

Pelvic drop, femoral adduction, internal rotation, genu valgum, tibial internal rotation, and hyperpronation.

Answer 37

Dynamic Valgus

Question 38

Occurs when hip musculature cannot overcome external torque caused by gravity acting on the body's mass.

Answer 38

Dynamic Valgus

Question 39

Frees up the lateral structures, allowing patella to shift medially.

Answer 39

Lateral Reticular Release with VMO Advancement

Question 40

VMO surgically cut and advanced to a more mechanically advantageous angel to help produce a more midline pull of the patella.

Answer 40

VMO Advancement

Question 41

Remove insertion of patellar tendon, elevate and reattach in a more mechanically advantageous.

Answer 41

Distal Realignment Procedure

Question 42

Reduce severe patellofemoral compression loads and compression.

Answer 42

Distal Realignment Procedure

Question 43

Softening or degeneration of articular cartilage on posterior patella.

Answer 43

Chondromalacia

Question 44

Direct contact with hard surface. Violent quad contraction.

Answer 44

Fractures of the Patella

Question 45

Prosthesis cemented or glued to bone. Most common.

Answer 45

Cemented

Question 46

Bone grows directly into prosthesis. Used for Osteoarthritis (OA).

Answer 46

Porous

Question 47

Less invasive than TKA. Arthritis on only one side.

Answer 47

Partial/Unicompartmental Knee Replacement

Question 48

For DJD of one compartment. Usually medial compartment. Usually patients >60 years. Temporary solution for 7-10 years before having TKA.

Answer 48

High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

Question 49

Attempts to realign tibiofemoral joint by surgically removing a wedge of bone from the tibia or distal femur depending on joint deformity.

Answer 49

Hip Tibial Osteotomy (HTO)

Question 50

Jumper's Knee. Inflammation of the patellar tendon. Most common in athletes who perform repeated jumping.

Answer 50

Patellar Tendinitis

Question 51

Tenderness at the insertion of the quadriceps tendon to the patella. Pain with resisted knee extension.

Answer 51

Assessment for Patella Tendinitis

Question 52

Inflammation at the growth plate of the tibial tuberosity. Usually 11-15 years old. More common in males.

Answer 52

Osgood Schlatters Disease

Question 53

Involve articular surface of the knee joint. High risk of developing OA.

Answer 53

Tibial Plateau Fracture

Question 54

Pain/Tenderness along medial aspect of knee. More common in the elderly.

Answer 54

Pes Anserine Bursitis

Question 55

When does avascular necrosis occur?

Answer 55

First 6-8 Weeks

Question 56

Zone I: Red on Red. Circulation on both sides of tear.

Answer 56

Repair

Question 57

Zone II: Red on White. Circulation on one side of tear.

Answer 57

Repair

Question 58

Zone III: White on White. No blood supply on either side of tear.

Answer 58

Partial or Total Meniscetomy