Role of PTA in Assessment (Exam 1)

Question 1

The measurement or quantification of a variable or the placement of a value on something.

Answer 1

Assessment

Question 2

Preliminary gathering of data and performing various screens, test, and measures to obtain a comprehensive base from which to make decisions about physical therapy needs for each individual patient.

Answer 2

Examination

Question 3

Specific process reserved solely for the physical therapist, in which clinical judgements are made from this base of data obtained during the examination.

Answer 3

Evaluation

Question 4

Is the first response of a living organism to injury or disruption of normal processes?

Answer 4

Inflammation

Question 5

Two important facts about inflammation:

Answer 5

1. Inflammation is normal and necessary response to trigger tissue healing.
2. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation may lead to permanent and undesired tissue changes.

Question 6

Cardinal signs of inflammation.

Answer 6

Localized Heat (Warmth), Redness, Swelling, Pain

Question 7

Pain during ROM before tissue resistance is felt is an indication of _____ inflammation.

Answer 7

Acute

Question 8

Pain at the same time end range is reached is an indication of ____ inflammation.

Answer 8

Sub-acute

Question 9

Pain as a stretching sensation at limit of ROM is an indication of ____ inflammation.

Answer 9

Chronic

Question 10

Acute Inflammation last __ to ___ days.

Answer 10

4-6 Days

Question 11

Chronic Inflammation lasts ____ months to ____ years.

Answer 11

6 months - 1 year

Question 12

Patient 2 days post TKA (Effusion) should they be receiving a hot pack? What should you do?

Answer 12

Consult with PT. Cold Pack.

Question 13

Normal inflammatory response has a increase in temperature that is local and mild/moderate when compared to _____.

Answer 13

Contralateral Side (Opposite)

Question 14

Red streaks indicative of acute inflammation due to bacterial infection indicate _____.

Answer 14

Strep/Staph

Question 15

Redness and superficial tenderness and hardness (induration) indicate ______.

Answer 15

Vein swelling due to a blood clot. Superficial thrombophlebitis.

Question 16

Pale coloring and pallor and temperature change may indicate ______.

Answer 16

Occlusion

Question 17

Is a commonly used quick assessment technique to rule out the presence of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that is performed by gentle passive stretching of the ankle into full dorsiflexion and assessing for pain in the calf.

Answer 17

Homan’s Sign

Question 18

Refers to excessive pooling of fluid in the spaces between tissues.

Answer 18

Edema

Question 19

Assessments for Edema

Answer 19

Girth, Palpation, Volumetrics

Question 20

Hard, tough, thick, leathery ____ edema.

Answer 20

Brawny

Question 21

Sustained indentation with compression _____ edema.

Answer 21

Pitting

Question 22

Grades of Pitting Edema
1+
2+
3+
4+

Answer 22

1+ Barely perceptible depression
2+ Easily identified depression. Depression takes +15 seconds to rebound.
3+ Depression takes 15-30 seconds to rebound.
4+ Depression lasts for 30 seconds or more.

Question 23

Occurs in anatomic compartment such as calf or forearm due to increased fluids in an area of tightly bound fascia.

Answer 23

Compartment Syndrome

Question 24

Signs/Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome

Answer 24

Pain and cramping with activity improves with rest.
Increased superficial temperature.
Tight, shiny skin appearance.
Changes in sensation.

Question 25

Pain assessment should include.

Answer 25

Changes since last visit. Patient response to intervention. Pattern. Descriptions, characteristics - sharp, dull, achy, burning, stinging etc.

Question 26

Pain persists longer than expected based on physiological principles of tissue healing. Greater than 3 months.

Answer 26

Chronic Pain

Question 27

Spreading of pain to areas outside of or distant from immediate area of involvement.

Answer 27

Peripheralization

Question 28

Increasing signs and symptoms in immediate area of lesion.

Answer 28

Centralization

Question 29

Potentially serious pain conditions and the possible associated pathology or body system.

Answer 29

Red Flags

Question 30

Activity related discomfort associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Sharp, cramping, burning pain usually located in calf.

Answer 30

Intermittent Claudication

Question 31

May indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic LBP. Demonstrates signs 3 or more tests is positive.

Answer 31

Waddell's Signs

Question 32

Pain related to patterns of innervation to organs or other anatomic structures. Pain located in a different site than injury.

Answer 32

Referred Pain

Question 33

Refers to pain that originates from a body organ.

Answer 33

Visceral Pain

Question 34

Small, localized tender areas or nodules found within skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments, periosteum, and pericapsular areas.

Answer 34

Trigger Points

Question 35

Normal Adult Heart Rate

Answer 35

60-80bpm

Question 36

Normal Respiration

Answer 36

12-18bpm

Question 37

Normal Blood Pressure

Answer 37

120/80

Question 38

No increase in systolic pressure or drop in systolic pressure with exercise. Normal or abnormal?

Answer 38

Abnormal

Question 39

Systolic should not increase > 20 mm Hg with minimum to moderate exercise or > 40-50 mm Hg with intense exercise. Normal or abnormal?

Answer 39

Abnormal

Question 40

Increase that correlates with rate and intensity of exercise. Normal or abnormal?

Answer 40

Normal

Question 41

Diastolic not expected to increase or decrease > 10 mm Hg with exercise in healthy adults.

Answer 41

Normal

Question 42

HR should return to resting rate within ___ minutes of exercise.

Answer 42

5 Minutes

Question 43

HR > 20-30 above of resting HR. Normal or abnormal?

Answer 43

Abnormal

Question 44

HR decreases below resting HR. Normal or abnormal?

Answer 44

Abnormal

Question 45

Objective grade given by patient to indicate amount of exertion.

Answer 45

Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE or Borg Scale)

Question 46

Patterns of joint movement limitations of when the joint capsule is limiting structure.

Answer 46

Capsular Patterns

Question 47

Describe the quality of limitation obtained by passively moving a body part its extreme range of motion.

Answer 47

End-Feel

Question 48

Soft-tissue approximation.

Answer 48

Soft

Question 49

Tissue stretch, leathery, capsular.

Answer 49

Firm

Question 50

Bony, bone contacting bone, or bone to bone.

Answer 50

Hard

Question 51

Abnormal End Feels

Answer 51

Boggy, Capsular, Bony Block, Empty

Question 52

Quick, functional, not necessarily anti-gravity.

Answer 52

Gross MMT

Question 53

The state of contractibility of muscle.

Answer 53

Muscle Tone

Question 54

Loss of muscle or tendon's ability to obtain full length

Answer 54

Flexibility

Question 55

Joint noise due to changes of joint surfaces.

Answer 55

Crepitus

Question 56

Inflamed ___ is tender to touch or seems to becoming larger or more tender.

Answer 56

Bursae

Question 57

Local enlargement of a joint, painful, increased temperature, sudden onset, extreme tenderness.

Answer 57

Gout

Question 58

Summary of objective tests or measures.

Answer 58

Assessment

Question 59

According to the Normative Model of PTA education, PTA's role in clinic?

Answer 59

Modifying interventions, assisting with data collection, making appropriate judgements.

Question 60

Three physiological systems linked to balance.

Answer 60

1. Somatosensory (Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular) 2. Visual 3. Vestibular

Question 61

Enlarged and tender lymph nodes should be reported because?

Answer 61

In the event of an underlying pathology, some interventions may be contraindicated.

Question 62

Bleeding into a joint space.

Answer 62

Hemiarthosis