Knowledge Check Q's

Question 1

How many major editions does MySQL offers?

• Five
• One
• Three
• Two

Answer 1

Two

Explanation:
MySQL offers two major editions:
For developers and small teams, the MySQL Community Edition binaries and source code are available at no cost. is available for free and includes all the core features needed.
For larger enterprises, the MySQL Commercial Edition Commercial Edition provides advanced features, management tools, and
dedicated technical support.

Question 2

What does the Oracle commercial licensing option Allows businesses
to do ?
- Allows businesses to use MySQL Enterprise Edition for free
- Allows businesses to use MySQL in their products with other 3rd party commercial products
- Allows businesses to pay a reduced price for MySQL Community Edition
- Allows businesses to use MySQL code in their products and keep their code private.

Answer 2

• Allows businesses to use MySQL code in their products and keep
  their code private.

Explanation:
Oracle provides a commercial licensing option. This license allows businesses to use MySQL in their products without having to disclose their source code, as required by GPL v2.

Question 3

When is MySQL Enterprise Support available ?
- 8 hours a day 5 days a week
- 8 hours a day 7 days a week
- 24 hours a day 5 days a week
- 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

Answer 3

• 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

Explanation:
MySQL Support is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This ensures that whenever there is an issue, Oracle support can provide the needed help without any delay.

Question 4

MySQL Shell offers support for which one of the following languages
- PHP
- GO
- Java
- Python

Answer 4

• Python

Explanation:
MySQL Shell offers multi language support for JavaScript, Python, and SQL. These naturally scriptable languages makes coding flexible and efficient. They allow developers to use their preferred programming language for everything from automating database tasks to writing complex queries

Question 5

Which of the followings is true about MySQL Workbench Enterprise ?
- It install MySQL server.
- It adds security features to the MySQL system.
- It backups MySQL instances.
- It simplifies MySQL database migrations.

Answer 5

• It simplifies MySQL database migrations.

Explanation:
MySQL Workbench Enterprise simplifies database migrations with powerful tools that makes it easy to move databases between platforms. It streamlines the process of moving databases between systems, reducing time and errors.

Question 6

MySQL HeatWave offers which services?
- Automatic replication to the Oracle Database
- Backup to GitHub
- Migration to AWS Arora
- A fully managed MySQL service

Answer 6

• A fully managed MySQL service

Explanation:
MySQL HeatWave offers a fully managed MySQL service. It provides deployment, backup and restore, high availability, resizing, and read replicas all the features you need for efficient database management.

Question 7

How often are MySQL Innovation versions released?
- Every month
- Every quarter
- Every year
- Every two years

Answer 7

• Every quarter

Explanation:
MySQL Long term support versions are released every two years.
Innovation versions are released quarterly.

Question 8

Which installation method requires that you manually configure the service user?
- yum packages
- RPM packages
- binary archive
- MySQL Installer

Answer 8

• binary archive

Explanation:
The yum and RPM package installers install and configure MySQL on
Linux. The MySQL Installer installs and configures MySQL on Windows. The binary
archive only contains the necessary files but does not perform any configuration.

Question 9

The MySQL service user requires which permissions?
- Root privileges
- System privileges
- Shell privileges
- Data directory privileges

Answer 9

• Data directory privileges

Explanation:
The MySQL service user needs only privileges to run the process and access the network and relevant directories in the file system. You should not grant permissions beyond that, so that the service cannot be exploited by malicious users.

Question 10

Which is true of the data directory?
- It is configured automatically when you install MySQL from binary archive
- It is a mandatory setting in the my.cnf file
- It is empty until you create a user database
- It contains the my.cnf and temporary files

Answer 10

• It is a mandatory setting in the my.cnf file

Explanation:
The data directory setting datadir specifies the default location of system and user databases, and is one of the settings for file locations. Other settings include locations for temporary files and configuration files.

Question 11

Which is true of upgrades?
- You can upgrade MySQL while the server is running
- You can upgrade MySQL while the server is offline by replacing the binaries with new versions
- You must reinstall MySQL completely and restore from backup when upgrading from Community edition to Enterprise edition
- The Upgrade Checker utility is only available in Enterprise Edition

Answer 11

• You can upgrade MySQL while the server is offline by replacing the binaries with new versions

Explanation:
Upgrading is an offline operation, perfomed in place by replacing existing binaries with the new version. This process also works when upgrading to Enterprise Edition. The Upgrade Checker utility is available in MySQL Shell, and can be used on any MySQL version and edition up to and including the version of MySQL Shell. Copyright © 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Question 12

What is the Default Storage Engine in MySQL?
A. InnoDB
B. MyISAM
C. NDB Cluster
D. Memory

Answer 12

A. InnoDB

Question 13

Which of the following data types store string values?
1. Double
2. BIT
3. ENUM
4. DECIMAL

Answer 13

3. ENUM

Question 14

Which of the following is true for PRIMARY indexes?
A. They speed up insert operations
B. You can have multiple PRIMARY indexes on a table
C. PRIMARY index values are replicated to every secondary index
D. You can have multiple rows with the same value in the PRIMARY index

Answer 14

C. PRIMARY index values are replicated to every secondary index

Question 15

The JOIN clause in SQL does which of the following?
A. Concatenates two or more column values to a single output column
B. Connects rows from two or more tables in single output column
C. Jumps to the next row if a value is null (Jump Only If Null)
D. Generates to the next row if a value is null (Jump Only If Null)
Copyright

Answer 15

B. Connects rows from two or more tables in single output column

Explanation: The JOIN clause uses a condition to decide which row in the table named on the left side is connected to which row on the right side.

Question 16

You can use MySQL Partitioning to do which of the following?
A. Specify how big each table can be based on where it is stores
B. Specify how big each column can be based on how many partitions there are
C. Specify a physical file for each row based on a rule
D. Specify the storage engine for a particular database

Answer 16

C. Specify a physical file for each row based on a rule

Explanation: MySQL Partitioning enables you to select the physical location of
rows based on a rule that specifies some condition in each row.

Question 17

The HeatWave service web based console allows you to do which one of the following services?
- Write SQL code
- Install MySQL Shell
- Connect to MySQL Workbench
- Deploy your instances and manage their backups

Answer 17

• Deploy your instances and manage their backups

Explanation:
The HeatWave service is a fully managed MySQL. Through the web based console, you can deploy your instances and manage their backups, enable high availability, resize your instances, create read replicas and perform many common administration tasks without writing a line of SQL.

Question 18

From which of the following cloud services can use HeatWave
- Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
- Salesforce Cloud
- IBM Cloud
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Answer 18

• Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Explanation:
HeatWave is not just available in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. You can use HeatWave from your applications in Amazon Web Services AND Microsoft Azure too, and at a great price.

Question 19

DPR, HIPAA, FERPA, and GLBA impose which type of compliance that MySQL can implement?
- Administrative
- Regulatory
- Performance
- Financial

Answer 19

• Regulatory

Explanation:
The acronyms in the question refer to legal provisions in multiple jurisdictions, all of which provide regulatory frameworks which must be complied with by applicable organizations.

Question 20

Which product can mitigate the risk of SQL Injection attacks?
- MySQL Enterprise Firewall
- MySQL Enterprise Audit
- Oracle Enterprise Manager
- MySQL Shell

Answer 20

• MySQL Enterprise Firewall

Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Firewall enables you to create an allow list of statements, and it blocks statements that do not match that allow list. SQL injection attacks attempt to insert SQL statements within user interfaces, and if those statements are not in the allow list then they are prevented from executing.

Question 21

What is the default MySQL authentication plugin used to encrypt passwords?
- caching_sha256_password
- mysql_native_password
- caching_sha2_password
- plaintext

Answer 21

• caching_sha2_password

Explanation:
MySQL encrypts passwords before storing them in the database. The caching_sha2_password plugin uses a secure one way encryption algorithm to create passwords that cannot easily be decrypted, even if the database is compromised.

Question 22

Kerberos, PAM, and FIDO are supported by which MySQL Enterprise feature?
- Auditing
- Firewall
- Authentication
- Manager

Answer 22

• Authentication

Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Authentication brings together a set of plugins that support authentication with external infrastructure based on LDAP, Kerberos, or using the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework in Linux.

Question 23

Dynamic privileges are assigned:
- In the my.cnf configuration file
- In the mysqld auto.cnf configuration file
- By the server, a plugin, or a component at load time
- Implicitly when a transaction requires them

Answer 23

• By the server, a plugin, or a component at load time

Explanation:
Dynamic privileges are granted by the server at runtime, either during the startup process or by plugins and components as they are loaded. They may also be granted explicitly with GRANT statements. They are not specified in configuration files.

Question 24

Which two formatting options are supported by MySQL Enterprise Audit?
- Text
- JSON
- XML
- YAML
- SQL

Answer 24

• JSON
• XML

Explanation:
The supported audit log file formats are XML and JSON.
The default is XML. However, this can be changed at server startup by setting the audit_log_format variable.

Question 25

MySQL Enterprise Firewall provides real time protection against which of the following? - Virus - Denial of Service (DoS) Attack - SQL Injection - Brute Force Attack

Answer 25

* SQL Injection Explanation: MySQL Enterprise Firewall helps protect against SQL injection attacks by monitoring and controlling SQL statements. It learns normal query patterns and blocks unauthorized or suspicious queries, keeping the database safe.

Question 26

What file can you encrypt using MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)? - Configuration File ( my.cnf or my.ini ) - SSL Key File - General Query, Slow Query, and Error Log File - Tablespace File

Answer 26

* Tablespace File Explanation: MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) encrypts tablespace files to protect sensitive data. It also secures binary, relay, undo, and redo logs, but it does not encrypt general query, slow query, or error logs.

Question 27

When using MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), which key must be stored outside the database? - Private - Public - Tablespace - Primary - Master

Answer 27

* Master Explanation: When using MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), the master key must be stored outside the database, typically in a key vault. It is used to decrypt tablespace keys, which then decrypt the actual data.

Question 28

How can you install the MySQL Enterprise Masking and De Identification feature? Select two. - Plugin - Stored Procedure - Component - Configuration File

Answer 28

* Plugin * Component Explanation: You can install the MySQL Enterprise Masking and De-Identification feature using either: Plugin: A set of functions that provide an SQL level API for masking and de identification. Component: A self contained code unit that interacts with other code via services.

Question 29

What makes a database backup effective ? - Scheduling the backup - Monitoring the backup for consistency - Not exceeding limitations for the backup resources - Being able to restore the backup data

Answer 29

* Being able to restore the backup data Explanation: No backup is effective unless you can use it to restore your data. It is importance not to just create backups, but to also regularly test the restoration process to ensure it works effectively.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true about the mysqldump utility? - mysqldump is a standard way to create physical backups - mysqldump is excellent for backing up large databases - mysqldump is fast and does not require locking tables - mysqldump output is a human readable text file with SQL statements

Answer 30

* mysqldump output is a human readable text file with SQL statements Explanation: The mysqldump utility has long been a standard way to create logical backups. It creates a script made up of the SQL statements that recreate the data and structure in a database or server. As a text file, it can be edited and managed by source code management systems.

Question 31

What is the MySQL Enterprise Backup utility designed for - Create a snapshot of the MySQL storage medium - Perform upgrades of MySQL systems - Create Logical backup of MySQL systems - Create Physical backup of MySQL systems

Answer 31

* Create Physical backup of MySQL systems Explanation: MySQL Enterprise Backup is a utility designed specifically for backing up MySQL systems in the most efficient and flexible way. At its simplest, it performs a physical backup of the data files, so it is fast. However, it also records the changes that were made during the time it took to do the backup, so the result is that you get a consistent backup of the data at the time the backup completed.

Question 32

How does MySQL Enterprise Backup support optimistic backup? - It locks up tables during the backup process - It ignores data from busy tables - It puts the database server in read only mode - It records all data including data from busy tables

Answer 32

* It records all data including data from busy tables Explanation: MySQL Enterprise Backup supports optimistic backup. This process deals with busy tables separately from the rest of the database. It can record changes that happen in the database during the backup, for consistency. In a large dataset this can make a huge difference in performance.

Question 33

What must you do to restore from a backup using MySQL Enterprise Backup ? - Review the SQL script generated script to make sure it is valid - Unzip the MySQL Enterprise Backup file - Shutdown the MySQL database system - Remove any previous files from the MySQL data directory

Answer 33

* Remove any previous files from the MySQL data directory Explanation: To restore from a backup using MySQL Enterprise Backup, you must first remove any previous files from the data directory. The restore process will fail if you attempt to restore over an existing system or backup.

Question 34

What is one requirement on the source to enable source replica replication? A. Source must have binary logging enabled B. Source must have sql_require_primary_key variable set to on C. Source must have all tables use InnoDB storage engine only D. Source must have it's binary log format set to statement based

Answer 34

A. Source must have binary logging enabled Explanation: The binary log contains "events" that describe database changes such as table creation operations or changes to table data. Binary logging must be enabled on a replication source so the record of data changes can be sent to the replica/s.

Question 35

Which of the following uses the Relay Log? A. Source B. Replica C. Both Source and Replica D. Neither

Answer 35

B. Replica Explanation: The relay log is written by the I/O thread and contains the transactions read from the replication source server's binary log. The relay log is stored on the replica and used by the replica. The transactions in the relay log are applied on the replica by the SQL thread.

Question 36

Which thread maintains an open connection to the source when the replica connects and is used to send the binary log contents from the source to a replica? A. I/O thread B. I/O binlog dump thread C. SQL thread D. Connection thread

Answer 36

B. I/O binlog dump thread Explanation: The source creates an I/O binlog dump thread to send the binary log contents to a replica when the replica connects. This thread can be identified in the output of SHOW PROCESSLIST on the source as the binlog dump thread.

Question 37

Which thread is responsible for taking a copy of the binary log events from the source and writing those to a relay log? A. I/O thread B. I/O binlog dump thread C. SQL thread D. Connection thread

Answer 37

A. I/O thread Explanation: The I/O thread reads the updates that the source's binlog dump thread sends and copies them to local files that comprise the replica's relay log. The state of this thread is shown as Slave_IO_running in the output of SHOW REPLICA STATUS.

Question 38

Which thread reads the relay log and executes the transactions that it contains on the replica? A. I/O thread B. I/O binlog dump thread C. SQL thread D. Connection thread

Answer 38

C. SQL thread Explanation: The replica creates an SQL thread to read the relay log that is written by the replication I/O thread and execute the transactions contained in it.

Question 39

What is the Recovery Point Objective (RPO) or data loss tolerance within a region when using MySQL InnoDB Cluster? A. Zero B. Seconds to minutes C. Minutes D. Minutes to hours

Answer 39

A. Zero Explanation: MySQL InnoDB Cluster is made up of three MySQL instances: a primary instance, and two secondary instances. All data that you write to the primary instance is copied to the secondary instances using Group Replication. InnoDB Cluster guarantees if one instance fails, another takes over, with zero data loss and minimal downtime.

Question 40

Which MySQL component automates InnoDB Cluster creation and makes managing the Cluster easy? A. MySQL Workbench B. MySQL Router C. MySQL Shell D. MySQL Group Replication

Answer 40

C. MySQL Shell Explanation: MySQL Shell uses AdminAPI which allows you to easily deploy, configure, and administer InnoDB Cluster, InnoDB ClusterSet , and InnoDB ReplicaSet

Question 41

Which MySQL component redirects application queries to available nodes in an InnoDB Cluster? A. MySQL Workbench B. MySQL Router C. MySQL Shell D. MySQL Group Replication

Answer 41

B. MySQL Router Explanation: MySQL Router can automatically configure itself based on the cluster you deploy, connecting client applications transparently to the server instances. In the event of an unexpected failure of a server instance the cluster reconfigures automatically.

Question 42

Which MySQL component provides automatic failover when using InnoDB Cluster? A. MySQL Workbench B. MySQL Router C. MySQL Shell D. MySQL Group Replication

Answer 42

D. MySQL Group Replication Explanation: Each MySQL server instance in an InnoDB Cluster runs MySQL Group Replication, which provides the mechanism to replicate data within an InnoDB Cluster, with built in failover.

Question 43

When setting up MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet , which of the following two are not used? A. MySQL Workbench B. MySQL Router C. MySQL Shell D. MySQL Group Replication

Answer 43

A. MySQL Workbench D. MySQL Group Replication Explanation: When setting up a MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet , MySQL Router and MySQL Shell are used. MySQL Shell provides the AdminAPI which which allows you to easily deploy, configure, and administer the ReplicaSet . Whereas, MySQL Router provides transparent routing between your application and InnoDB ReplicaSet . MySQL Workbench and Group Replication are not used.

Question 44

Which part of the database is the highest source of Database Performance Problems ? - The underlying hardware - The database structure - The overall size of retained data in the active dataset - The SQL, index, and Schema group

Answer 44

* The SQL, index, and Schema group Explanation: 90% of Performance Problems come from the SQL, index, and Schema group. Poor SQL query design or incorrect use of indexes can significantly impact database performance.

Question 45

What does the MySQL Performance Schema do? - It creates indexes for the SQL code - It scales the MySQL database for better performance - It Compresses the database for better underlying hardware management - It provides statistics about your MySQL instance

Answer 45

* It provides statistics about your MySQL instance Explanation: One important monitoring feature in MySQL is the Performance Schema. It’s a system database that provides statistics of how MySQL executes at a low level. The performance information belongs only to the specific instance, so it isn’t replicated to other systems.

Question 46

What can you do with MySQL in Oracle Enterprise Manager ? - Backup a MySQL database instance - Create a MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet - Add Extra security to the MySQL database - Monitor MySQL Performance

Answer 46

*Monitor MySQL Performance Explanation: The Oracle Enterprise Manager tool is used to monitor the following MySQL activities: Performance, System availability, replication topology, InnoDB performance characteristics and locking, bad queries caught by the MySQL Enterprise firewall and events that are raised by MySQL Enterprise Audit.

Question 47

The HeatWave service web based console allows you to do which one of the following services? - Write SQL code - Install MySQL Shell - Connect to MySQL Workbench - Deploy your instances and manage their backups

Answer 47

* Deploy your instances and manage their backups Explanation: The HeatWave service is a fully managed MySQL. Through the web based console, you can deploy your instances and manage their backups, enable high availability, resize your instances, create read replicas and perform many common administration tasks without writing a line of SQL.

Question 48

From which of the following cloud services can use HeatWave - Google Cloud Platform (GCP) - Salesforce Cloud - IBM Cloud - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Answer 48

* Amazon Web Services (AWS) Explanation: HeatWave is not just available in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. You can use HeatWave from your applications in Amazon Web Services AND Microsoft Azure too, and at a great price.

Question 49

True or False MySQL Commercial version is the better than the Community version because it provides additional tools, services, and support.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Which MySQL features are available in the Community Edition but only fully supported in the Enterprise Edition (pick 4): - MySQL Router - MySQL Replication - MySQL Partitioning - MySQL Document Store - InnoDB Cluster

Answer 50

- MySQL Replication - MySQL Partitioning - MySQL Document Store - InnoDB Cluster

Question 51

MySQL Enterprise Edition Benefits of using Thread Pool (pick 3) - reduces overhead - minimizes CPU cache footprint - controls the number of active threads to prevent resource contention and high context switching overhead - decreases execution time

Answer 51

- reduces overhead - minimizes CPU cache footprint - controls the number of active threads to prevent resource contention and high context switching overhead

Question 52

MySQL Enterprise Edition component or plug-in that replaces real values with substitutes - Firewall - Encryption/TDE - Authentication - Audit

Answer 52

- Encryption/TDE

Question 53

Components that are part of the core MySQL database architecture (pick 3) - Third Party Tools - Clients and Applications - Parser - Optimizer

Answer 53

- Clients and Applications - Parser - Optimizer

Question 54

Components that are part of the core MySQL database architecture (pick 3) - QCache&Buffer - InnoDB Storage Engine - sysbench - Replication and clustering

Answer 54

- QCache&Buffer - InnoDB Storage Engine - Replication and clustering

Question 55

Characteristics of the MySQL Long-Term Support release model (pick 2) - Backward compatibility - Support life cycle: 5 years premier + 3 years extended - Released every quarter - Support life cycle: short term

Answer 55

- Backward compatibility - Support life cycle: 5 years premier + 3 years extended

Question 56

Characteristics of the MySQL Long-Term Support release model (pick 2) - Released every 2 years - Stable: bug fix and security patches only - Leading edge innovations - Easy migration between LTS and Innovation

Answer 56

- Released every 2 years - Stable: bug fix and security patches only

Question 57

On Linux, /var/lib/mysql is the default location for 2 of the following: - datadir (db directory) - InnoDB log files such as undo and redo log - my.cnf - mysqld.log

Answer 57

- datadir (db directory) - InnoDB log files such as undo and redo log

Question 58

Operating systems supported by MySQL (pick 3) ‒ Unix/Linux ‒ Microsoft Windows ‒ OS X - Android

Answer 58

‒ Unix/Linux ‒ Microsoft Windows ‒ OS X

Question 59

Operating systems supported by MySQL (pick 3) ‒ Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) - Chrome OS ‒ Solaris and OpenSolaris ‒ FreeBSD2.9

Answer 59

‒ Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) ‒ Solaris and OpenSolaris ‒ FreeBSD2.9

Question 60

What are the two ways to install MySQL on a Linux platform? - Installation is done with repositories, packages (yum, rpm, deb), - or binaries (tarball and zip) - plugins

Answer 60

- Installation is done with repositories, packages (yum, rpm, deb),* test might just APT and Yum - or binaries (tarball and zip)