Knowledge organiser 3: Foreign Policy: 1951-64

Question 1

Gamal Nasser

Answer 1

An Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. He led the Egyptian revolution in 1952.

Question 2

Selwyn Lloyd

Answer 2

A British Conservative politician who served as foreign secretary during British’s diplomatic humiliation in the Suez Crisis, and was Chancellor of Exchequer after Armory.

Question 3

Anthony Eden

Answer 3

A British politician who served as Prime Minister of the UK and leader of the Conservative Party fro 1955 until his resignation in 1957.

Question 4

Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 4

Was the 34th president of the US, serving from 1953-61, and was the main opposer to what the UK was doing in the Suez Crisis.

Question 5

Anthony Nutting

Answer 5

Was a British Conservative politician who was minister of foreign affairs from 1954 until he resigned in 1956 i protest against the Suez invasion.

Question 6

Jomo Kenyatta

Answer 6

Was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its prime minister. He played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony into an independent republic

Question 7

Charles De Gaulle

Answer 7

A French military officer and statesman, and was the main opposition to Britain entering the EEC

Question 8

Harold MacMillan

Answer 8

A British statesman and Conservative politician who was Prime Minister from 1957-63. Nicknamed ‘Supermac’.

Question 9

Three circles of British Foreign Policy

Answer 9

Defined Churchill’s approach to the: namely the Commonwealth, the Anglo-American alliance, and Europe.

Question 10

The commonwealth

Answer 10

An international association consisting of the UK together with states that were previously part of the British Empire

Question 11

Imperialism

Answer 11

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonisation, use of military force, or other means

Question 12

Atlantic Alliance

Answer 12

An alliance of countries from Europe and North America to provide collective security against the Soviet Union

Question 13

Special relationship

Answer 13

The close political, diplomatic, cultural, and historical ties between the US and the uk.

Question 14

Suez Group

Answer 14

A joint British-French enterprise that owned and operated the Suez Canal from 1869 until it was nationalised by Egypt’s president Nasser in 1956.

Question 15

Severs Plan

Answer 15

The plan that Israel would attack the Egyptian army near the Suez Canal, that would serve as the pre-text for an Anglo-French military intervention

Question 16

Arab Nationalism

Answer 16

A political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation, and should be free from British rule

Question 17

Malayan Emergency 1948-58

Answer 17

A counter-insurgency operation that took place from 1948-58, in which British led forces fought against the Malaysian Communist Party and its armed wing, the Malayan National Liberation Army

Question 18

Agent Orange

Answer 18

A chemical herbicide and defoliant that was used by Britain in Malaysia

Question 19

Batang Kali massacre

Answer 19

The killing of 24 unarmed male civilians and the burning of Batang Kali village by the British army in 1948

Question 20

Mau Mau Uprising 1952-58

Answer 20

An rebellion by Kenyans (mainly kikuyu peasants) against British colonial rule

Question 21

Kikuyu

Answer 21

A member of a Bantu-speaking people of Kenya

Question 22

Chuka Massacre

Answer 22

The killing of 20 people in Chuka, Kenya

Question 23

Hola massacre 1959

Answer 23

Where 11 prisoners were clubbed to death by guards at the Hola Detention camp

Question 24

Winds of change

Answer 24

An address made by British Prime Minister Harold MacMillan to the parliament of South Africa, relating to the separation of Britain from its South African colonies

Question 25

Apartheid

Answer 25

A system under which people of different races were kept separate by law, and white people were given more political rights and education and other advantages

Question 26

Decolonisation

Answer 26

The action or process of a state withdrawing from a former colony, leaving it independent

Question 27

Burgess and MacLean Affairs

Answer 27

A spy scandal involving two Cambridge University-educated men, who worked for the British government, who defected to the Soviet Union in 1951

Question 28

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 28

A 13-day-standoff between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, where the Soviets secretly deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war

Question 29

Blue streak

Answer 29

A British liquid-fueled intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) developed during the Cold War

Question 30

Polaris

Answer 30

A treaty between the US and the UK wh

Question 31

Holy Loch

Answer 31

Became a crucial location for the US Navy’s nuclear submarine programme, serving as a refit facility for Fleet Ballistic Missile submarines

Question 32

Korean War

Answer 32

an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea and South Korea and their allies. North Korea was supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, while South Korea was supported by the United Nations Command led by the United States.

Question 33

US-UK Mutual defence agreement

Answer 33

Facilitates the exchange of nuclear materials, technology, and information between the two nations for mutual defence purposes, including atomic weapons, nuclear threat reduction, and naval propulsion

Question 34

Nassau Agreement 1963

Answer 34

Resulted from a meeting between president John. F. Kennedy and Prime Minister Harold MacMillan, where the US agreed to supply the UK with Polaris missiles

Question 35

Test ban treaty 1963

Answer 35

Signed October 7, 1963, and prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosions under water, in the atmosphere, or in outer space, only allowing underground nuclear testing as long as their is no radioactive debris

Question 36

European coal and steel community (ECSC)

Answer 36

Set up by the Schumer plan, and was made to create one market for coal and steel with no custom duties/ tariffs, between Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Italy, and W. Germany

Question 37

Messina Agreement 1955

Answer 37

A meeting of the six member states of the European Coal and Steel Community, that led to the creation of the European Economic Community

Question 38

Treaty of Rome 1957

Answer 38

Signed by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany, established the EEC

Question 39

European Economic Community (EEC)

Answer 39

Set up after the 6 founding nations signed the Treaty of Rome, with the plan for a single market on all goods, and a common external tariff for goods outside the community

Question 40

European free trade association

Answer 40

A regional trade organisation and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland

Question 41

“We are with Europe… but not of Europe”

Answer 41

What Winston Churchill said

Question 42

“Trojan horse of US influence”

Answer 42

The reason why Gamal Nasser declined Britain entry into the EEC, believing it would bring US influence into Europe and change their independence from Britain