Knowledge test p1

Question 1

Which experimental method controls the IV and extraneous variables and takes place in a controlled lab setting?

Answer 1

Lab

Question 2

Which experimental method controls the IV and takes place in a non-controlled setting?

Answer 2

Field

Question 3

Which experimental method doesn’t directly manipulate the IV and takes place in a controlled lab setting?

Answer 3

Quasi

Question 4

Which experimental method doesn’t directly manipulate the IV and takes place in a non-controlled setting?

Answer 4

Natural

Question 5

What is an advantage of a lab experiment?

Answer 5

High internal validity as can manipulate IV

Question 6

What is a disadvantage of a lab experiment?

Answer 6

Low ecological validity

Question 7

What is an advantage of a quasi experiment?

Answer 7

Controls extraneous variables

Question 8

What is a disadvantage of a quasi experiment?

Answer 8

Low ecological validity

Question 9

What is an advantage of a natural experiment?

Answer 9

High ecological validity

Question 10

What is a disadvantage of a natural experiment?

Answer 10

Low internal validity - no control over extraneous variables

Question 11

What is an advantage of a field experiment?

Answer 11

High ecological validity

Question 12

What is a disadvantage of a field experiment?

Answer 12

Low internal validity as low control over extraneous variables

Question 13

What is an independent variable?

Answer 13

What we change in an experiment

Question 14

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 14

What we measure in an experiment

Question 15

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 15

Any variable other than the IV that could affect the findings of the study

Question 16

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 16

Extraneous variables that haven’t been controlled so have affected the dependent variable.

Question 17

What does operationalisation mean?

Answer 17

A detailed explanation of a variable so it can be replicable and measurable.

Question 18

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 18

A testable statement about the expected outcome.

Question 19

What is the difference between an experimental and an alternative hypothesis?

Answer 19

Experimental = predicts relationships between variables - used in experiments.
Alternative= Used in something that’s not an experiment e.g in an observation.

Question 20

What is the difference between a one tailed and a two tailed hypothesis?

Answer 20

One tailed states the direction of the experiment. Two tailed states there will be a relationship but not the direction.

Question 21

What are the other names for one tailed and two tailed hypotheses?

Answer 21

Directional and non-directional

Question 22

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 22

States that there will be no relationship between variables

Question 23

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 23

Where people guess the aim of the experiment and therefore change their behaviours.

Question 24

What is social desirability?

Answer 24

When someone changed their answer because they want to appear a certain way

Question 25

What is the screw you effect?

Answer 25

When someone doesn't want to do the experiment well as they've guessed the aim and wants to ruin the findings

Question 26

What type of design is where all the participants experience every experimental condition?

Answer 26

Repeated

Question 27

What type of design is when all the participants are split into groups and each group only experiences one condition?

Answer 27

Independent

Question 28

What design is when the participants in different conditions but are matched on a relevant characteristic?

Answer 28

Matched Pairs

Question 29

Why is counterbalancing used?

Answer 29

So order differences don't make a big impact on the findings

Question 30

What type of sample is when names are picked out of a hat?

Answer 30

Random

Question 31

What type of sample is when every nth person is selected?

Answer 31

Systematic

Question 32

What type of sample is when ratios are used?

Answer 32

Stratified

Question 33

What type of sample is when whoever is available is used in the study?

Answer 33

Opportunity

Question 34

What type of sample is when adverts are used?

Answer 34

Volunteer

Question 35

What is the difference between controlled and naturalistic observations?

Answer 35

Naturalistic = normal environment Controlled = In a lab setting

Question 36

What is the difference between participant and non participant observations?

Answer 36

P= researcher takes part NP= Researcher doesn't take part

Question 37

What is the difference between overt and covert observations?

Answer 37

Covert= Unaware of being watched Overt= Aware of being watched

Question 38

What is the difference between structured and unstructured interviews?

Answer 38

Structured: List of behaviours looking for Unstructured: No list just watch and copy down behaviours

Question 39

What is time sampling?

Answer 39

Record behaviours ever nth minute.

Question 40

What is event sampling?

Answer 40

Record behaviour every instance it occurs.

Question 41

What are behavioural categories?

Answer 41

Operationalised list of behaviours that you look out for within an observation.

Question 42

What is inter-observer reliability?

Answer 42

Testing to check both observers get the same results by comparing them.

Question 43

What are the 4 types of questions used in a questionnaire?

Answer 43

- open - closed - likert scale - filler

Question 44

What is a filler question?

Answer 44

To throw them off the aim of the study - a question that acts as a lie detector

Question 45

What is a pilot study?

Answer 45

Trial/ initial small scale study to see fi the study will work.

Question 46

What does a correlation co-efficient tell us?

Answer 46

The strength and direction of the correlation

Question 47

What figures can a correlation co-efficient be between?

Answer 47

-1 and 1

Question 48

What type of experimental design is a correlation always?

Answer 48

Repeated - variables between 2 things or same people

Question 49

What is the main disadvantage of a correlation?

Answer 49

Can't establish a cause and effect of the relationships

Question 50

Why can correlations be useful?

Answer 50

When it's too unethical to do a lab experiment