knowledge test : Questions on Anglo-Irish history 1914-1921 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Explain the significance of the Curragh Mutiny to the Liberal government and Ulster and the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).
- Inconsistent with military organisation
- Govt. seemed no longer in control of the army
- weakened authority and power in brinkmanship
- unable or unwilling to effectively stop gun-smuggling or to enforce IHR.
Identify three reasons why the prospects for some form IHR was reasonably healthy in September 1914.
- IHR Act suspended until end of the war and placed on statute book with temporary exclusion of Ulster
- parties agreed a political truce
- Redmond’s Woodenbridge speech of September 1914 indicated loyalty to GB, demonstrated by Irish men volunteering to join the army.
Identify two major changes in the composition and design of government in the years 1915 to 1916.
- 1915: coalition government involving Unionists and Carson led by Asquith
- 1916: DLG replaces Asquith as PM of coalition. Liberal party now split.
Why could it be argued that by 1917 Redmond’s Woodenbridge speech had disastrous consequences for the IPP.
- Carnage and long duration of war led to British attempt to introduce conscription in 1917.
- Conscription was highly unpopular with Irish outside of Ulster and resisted
- IRB men learnt military tactics in the army.
- Redmond associated with carnage experienced defending the British empire not Ireland.
Explain two possible motives for the Dublin Uprising and whether the six days of fighting in the Dublin Uprising ended in failure or success immediately afterwards.
- Shock-therapy to inspire national uprising against British rule
- inspirational blood sacrifice
- No immediate success
- 600 rebels outnumbered and out gunned fought for 6 days
- uprising condemned by catholic church, Redmond and most of Dublin itself.
What did the proclamation of independence assert?
Independent republic for the entirety of Ireland.
Using the term often associated with football, explain how the British military authorities reversed the effect of the Dublin Uprising on Irish public opinion.
- ‘Dribbling’
- the execution of the leaders of the Uprising
- executing them over a lengthy period to warn others of following their example
- martial law imposed
- excessive arrest of 3,000 suspects.
What were the political and electoral consequences of the Dublin Uprising for the IPP and Sinn Fein?
- Irish public opinion deserted the IPP and IHR (6 MPs in 1918, down from 83) and supported Sinn Fein (73 MPs in 1918) and republicanism.
Identify the military organisation and political institution established by Sinn Fein in 1918 and explain why the latter was so revolutionary.
- IRA - irish republican army
- Dail - lower parliemtary house in Ireland
- because it unilaterally set up a counter-state to the British state and most of its’ representatives were on the run.
Why is Bloody Sunday and the city of Cork relevant to the Anglo-Irish civil war?
- Both are examples of excessive and unlawful violence by these two forces
- done in retaliation to IRA attacks.
Who were the Black and Tans and the Auxiliaries and why was the British army not used in Ireland during the Anglo-Irish civil war.
- Essentially, they were mercenaries, ex-servicemen with wartime experience paid by the government
- GB govt did not want to make it clear Ireland was in a civil war by using the army.
What difficulties did DLG and English Unionists face at home and globally that had an impact on government policy towards Ireland between 1918 and 1920?
- Failing economy
- political arguments between opposing parts of the coalition cabinet
- Violence of British counter-insurgency condemned by USA, Asquith, newspapers, Labour party & archbishop of Canterbury.
Identify the provisions of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 and explain how and why Ulster changed.
- Two home rule governments offered
- only accepted by Ulster; rejected by Sinn Fein
- All-Ireland council ignored
- Northern Ireland born
- draconian measures taken by Ulster govt. that discriminated against Catholics
- Gerrymandering of Ulster govt.
- establishment of protestant RUC - royal Ulster constabulary
- gerrymandered police state opposed by Catholics, nationalists and attacked by IRA.
What were the provisions of the Irish Treaty of 1921 and why and how did Sinn Fein and the IRA split over it?
- Irish Free State
- dominion of British Empire
- requiring oath of loyalty; defence in the hands of Westminster
- Ulster opted-out of the Irish Free State so Ireland partitioned
- Boundary Commission ignored later.
Was Ireland wholly independent because of the Treaty and how did the island of Ireland differ from the Ireland before 1921?
- Irish Free State effectively independent apart from naval bases controlled by British navy
- Ulster with devolved powers remained in the Union.
