Korean Flashcards
Words and Phrases (105 cards)
1
Q
Hello / Good Morning
A
Ahn-Nyeong-Hah-Se-Yo (안녕하세요)
2
Q
Thank you
A
Kam-Sa-Ham(b)-Ni-Da (감사합니다)
3
Q
Yes and No
A
Ne (네) / Ah-ni-yo (아니요)
4
Q
Yes, That is right!
A
Ne, Ma-Ja-Yo (네, 맞아요)
5
Q
Goodbye (leaving) / Goodbye (Staying)
A
An-Nyeong-Hi - GYE-Se-Yo (안녕히 계세요)
An-Nyeong-Hi - GAH-Se-Yo (안녕히 가세요)
(Stay in peace)
6
Q
I’m Sorry
A
Joh-Sohng - Ham(b)-Ni-Da (죄송합니다)
–Apology– —–I Do——-
7
Q
Excuse me
A
Joh-Ki-Yoh (저기요)
8
Q
To Be
A
I-Eh-Yo (이에요) or Ye-Yo (예요)
9
Q
What / What is it?
A
Mwo? (뭐) / Mwo-Ye-Yo? (뭐예요?)
10
Q
This is a kamera
A
I-Geo-Ka-Me-Ra-Ye-Yo (이거 카메라예요)
11
Q
What is this?
A
I-Geo-Mwo-Ye-Yo? (이거 뭐예요?)
12
Q
This / That / The
A
I (이) / Jeo (저) / Geu (그)
13
Q
What is the difference between: I (이) / Jeo (저) / Geu (그)?
A
I (이) is for something close.
Jeo (저) is for something far away
Geu (그) is for something thats far away from you, but close to the person you are speaking to.
14
Q
Computer
Coffee
Person
A
Keom-Pyu-Toh(컴퓨터)
Keo-Pi (커피)
Sa-Ram (사람)
15
Q
To be NOT, It is NOT, You are NOT
A
A-Ni-Eh-Yo (아니에요)
16
Q
What are Topic- and Subject Marking Particles, and what is the difference?
A
Topic: Eun (은) / Neun (는)
Subject: I (이) / Ga (가)
They are used to emphazise (improve) your sentence. Give them more flavour.
Subject emphasises the object in the sentence (like a book).
Topic emhasises the whole point of the conversation.
(Note: The placement of the particles in the sentence can change the meaning of the sentence.
17
Q
Have / Exists - Don’t/doesn’t have / Doesn’t exists
A
Have: I-Sseo-Yo (있어요) / Don’t have: Eop-Sseo-Yo (없어요)
Example for “There is water / Water exists / I (they) have water: Mul I-Sseo-Yo (물 있어요)
18
Q
Please give me… / I’d like to have…
A
Ju-Se-Yo (주세요)
Example of use: Please give me money
Don Ju-Se-Yo (돈 주세요)
Please give me a beer
Maek-Ju Ju-Se-Yo (맥주 주세요)
19
Q
It’s Tasty. It’s delicious
This is delicious
A
Ma-Si-Sseo-Yo (맛있어요)
I-Geo Ma-Si-Sseo-Yo (이거 맛있어요)
20
Q
What do you say before eating? (I will eat well)
What do you say when done eating? (Thank you for the food)
A
Jal Meok-Ge-Sseum-Ni-Da (잘 먹겠습니다)
Jal Meo-Geo-Sseum-Ni-Da (잘 먹었습니다)
21
Q
I want to…
I want to eat
I want to eat more
A
-Go Si-Peo-Yo (-고 싶어요)
Meok-Go Si-Peo-Yo (먹고 싶어요)
Deo Meok-Go Si-Peo-Yo (더 먹고 싶어요)
22
Q
I want to do
I want to see
I want to eat
A
Ha-Go Si-Peo-Yo (하고 싶어요)
Bo-Go Si-Peo-Yo (보고 싶어요)
Meok-Go Si-Peo-Yo (먹고 싶어요)
23
Q
Sino korean number:
0-1-2-3-4-5-6
A
Gong (공), IL (일), I (이), Sam (삼), Sa (사), O (오),
Ryuk/Yuk (륙 / 육)
24
Q
Sino korean number:
7-8-9-10
100
1000
A
Chil (칠), Pal (팔), Gu (구), Sip (십)
Baek (백)
Cheon (천)
25
Present tense conjugation?
| To be, to see, to do.
A-Yo (아요)
Eo-Yo (어요)
Yeo-Yo (여요)
26
Past tense conjugation
A-Sseo-Yo (았어요)
Eo-Sseo-Yo (었어요)
Yeo-Sseo-Yo (였어요)
27
Location marking particles
| "Where" or "Which place?"
E (에) = At, To.
E-Seo (에서) At, In, From
Eo-Di (어디)
Both particles can be "At", but they are different.
E (에) means where something "IS" or "EXISTS".
E-Seo (에서) means where something takes place.
28
I went to school
| School: Hak-Gyo (학교)
Hak-Gyo-E Ga-Sseo-Yo (학교에 갔어요)
| School - To I Went.
29
When?
When did you do it?
When did you arrive?
Eon-Je (언제)
Eon-Je Hae-Sseo-Yo? (언제 했어요?)
Eon-Je Do-Cha-Kae-Sseo-Yo? (언제 도착했어요?)
30
Useful nouns:
Today / Yesterday / Tomorrow / Now
Earlier today / Later
```
Today: O-Neul (오늘)
Yesterday: Eo-Je (어제)
Tomorrow: Nae-il (내일)
Now: Ji-Geum (지금)
Earlier today: A-Kka (아까)
Later: Na-Jung-e (나중에)
```
31
Who?
| Who is it?
Nu-Gu (누구)
| Nu-Gu-Ye-Yo? (누구예요?)
32
Native korean number:
| 1-2-3-4-5
Ha-Na (하나) / Dul (둘) / Set (셋) / Net (넷) / Da-Seot (다섯)
33
Native korean number:
| 6-7-8-9-10
Yeo-Seot (여섯) / il-Gop (일곱) / Yeo-Deol (여덟) / A-Hop (아홉) / Yeol (열)
34
30-40-50-60-70-80-90
| 11-19 (= 10 + 1-9)
Seo-Reun (서른) / Ma-Heun (마흔) / Swin (쉰) / Ye-Sun (예순) / I-Reun (일흔) / Yeo-Deun (여든) / A-Heun (아흔)
35
What are the 2 methods for negative sentences?
1) Adding "an" (안) before a verb.
2) Using "Ji-An-Ta" (지 않다) as a verb ending.
2. 1) "Ji A-Na-Yo" (지 않아요) (Present tense)
2. 2) "Ji A-Na-Sseo-Yo" (지 않았어요) (Past tense)
36
Negative sentences:
Method 1) I'm going home / I'm NOT going home.
Method 2) I Don't go / I didn't go.
Jib-e Ga-Yo (집에 가요) / Jib-e AN Ga-Yo (집에 안 가요)
| Ga-Ja A-Na-Yo (가지 않아요) / Ga-Ja A-Na-Sseo-Yo (가지 않았어요)
37
If a noun describes actions, it can be combined with "__ - __" to become a verb.
Ha-Da (하다) = To Do.
| Ex: 공부 = studying / 공부하다 = to study
38
How?
| Why?
Eo-Tteo-Ke (어떻게)
| Wae (왜)
39
How much?
| How + Adverb/Adjective
Eol-Ma (얼마)
| Eol-Ma-Na (얼마나)
40
From (location / time)
Ex: From Seoul
(Same as location marking particle)
E-Seo (에서) Bu-Teo (부터)
| Seo-Ul E-Seo (서울에서)
41
To or Until
| Ex: Starting from Seoul
Kka-Ji (까지)
| Seo-Ul Bu-Te (서울부터)
42
Future tense = Verb + ____
| Meaning; "To be going to" do something
I / Eul Geo-Ye-Yo (ㄹ/을 거예요)
I (ㄹ) = Vowel ending.
Eul (을) = Consonant ending.
43
I’m going to go. I will go.
| Ex: I’m going to go (there) now.
Gal Geo-Ye-Yo (갈 거예요)
| Ji-Gum Gal Geo-Ye-Yo(지금 갈 거예요)
44
Object Marking Particles
Consonant: Eul (을)
Vowel: Reul (를)
They express the role of the verb in a sentence.
You use them in a sentence if the object and verb are far away from each other.
45
And or And then. / Therefore or So.
| Plus examples.
Geu-Ri-Go (그리고) Used as "and" in english.
Geu-Rae-Seo (그래서) Used to show a logical relation between sentences. Just like in english
Ex1: (친구를 만났어요. "그리고" 밥을 먹었어요.)
Ex2: (오늘은 비가 왔어요. "그래서" 집에 있었어요.)
46
Two ways of saying "and"?
Ha-Go (하고)
Rang / I-Rang (랑) (이랑)
Depending on the context of the sentence. Both ways can also mean "with".
47
Monday to Sunday
| Pronounced like its spelled
```
Monday = Wo-Ryo-il (월요일)
Tuesday = Hwa-Yo-il (화요일)
Wednesday = Su-Yo-il (수요일)
Thursday = Mo-Gyo-il (목요일)
Friday = Geu-Myo-il (금요일)
Saturday = To-Yo-il (토요일)
Sunday = i-Ryo-il (일요일)
```
48
But, However
| And when to use which
1) Geu-Reo-Chi-Man (그렇지만)
2) Geu-Reon-De (그런데)
1) Just "but".
2) "But" or "and", depending on the context.
49
To Someone, From Someone
1) Han-Te (한테)
1. 1) "To" Someone, "From" Someone.
2) Han-Te-Seo (한테서)
2. 2) "From" Someone.
Can only be used about people
50
How to tell the time by hour?
| Native Korean number
```
Native number + Si (시)
1 o'clock: Han-Si (한 시)
2 o'clock: Du-Si (두 시)
3 o'clock: Se-Si (세 시)
4 o'clock: Ne-Si (= 네 시)
5 o'clock: Da-Seot-Si (다섯 시)
```
51
How to tell the time by minute?
| Sino Korean number
```
Sino number + Bun (분)
1 o'clock: il-Bun (일 분)
2 o'clock: i-Bun (이 분)
5 o'clock: O-Bun (오 분)
10 o'clock: Sip-Bun (십 분)
15 o'clock: Si-Bo-Bun (십오 분)
```
52
How to tell the time?
1: 05 = Han Si O Bun (한 시 오 분)
1: 15 = Han Si Si-Bo Bun (한 시 십오 분)
3: 20 = Se Si Si-Bo Bun (세 시 이십 분)
10: 00 = Yeol Si (열 시)
10: 30 = Yeol Si Sam-Sip Bun (열 시 삼십 분)
N O'Clock Sharp = Jeong-Gak (정각)
Instead of 30, say "Ban" (반), meaning half.
53
How to ask the time?
What time is it now?
Ji-Geum Myeot Si-Ye-Yo? (지금 몇 시예요?)
What hour and minute is it?
Ji-Geum Myeot Si Myeot-Bun-I-E-Yo? (지금 몇 시 몇 분이에요?)
54
Two counters: Native numbers
| People and Objects
Objects: Gae (개)
People: Myeong (명)
55
One apple
One person
Two students
Sa-gwa Han Gae (사과 한 개)
Han Myeong (한 명)
Hak-Saeng Du Myeong (학생 두 명)
56
Present progressive tense:
| It is raining outside
-Am/Are/Is (-ing) = Verb stem + Go i-Sseo-Yo (고 있어요)
| Ba-Kke Bi-Ga O-"Go I-Sseo-Yo" (밖에 비가 오고 있어요)
57
Past progressive tense:
| It was snowing
-Was/Were (-ing) = Verb stem + Go i-Sseo-Sseo-Yo (고 있었어요)
| Nu-Ni O-Go "i-Sseo-Sseo-Yo" (눈이 오고 있었어요)
58
Future progressive tense:
-Will Be (-ing) = Verb stem + Go i-Sseul Geo-Ye-Yo (고 있을 거예요)
59
Plain present example instead of present progressive.
Ex: What are you doing now? I am studying
A: What are you doing now?
Ji-Geum Mwo Ha-Go i-Sseo-Yo? ( 지금 뭐 하고 있어요?)
B: I am studying
Gong-Bu-Ha-Go i-Sseo-Yo (공부하고 있어요)
A: What are you doing now?
Ji-Geum Mwo Hae-Yo? (지금 뭐 해요?)
B: I am studying
Gong-Bu-Hae-Yo (공부해요)
60
I'm a student
Jeo-Neun Hak-Saeng i-Eh-Yo (저는 학생이에요)
| --I am-- ---Student-- --To be--
61
I have a younger sister
Jeo-Neun Yeo-Dong-Saeng-i i-Sseo-Yo
| 저는 여동생이 있어요
62
I don't have any hobbies
Jeo-Neun Chwi-Ma-Ga Eop-Sseo-Yo (저는 취미가 없어요)
| Litteral meaning: As for me, the hoppy doesn't exist.
63
I live in Seoul
Jeo-Neun Seo-U-Re Sa-Ra-Yo (저는 서울에 살아요)
64
General rule for the names of the month?
| Which month?
Sino korean number + Wol (월) "Month"
| Myot-Wol / Myeo-Dwol (몇 월).
65
January / February / March / April / May / June
January: 1월 = i-Rwol / February: 2월 = i-Wol / March: 3월 = Sa-Mwol / April:4월 = Sa-Wol / May: 5월 = O-Wol /
June: 6월 = Yu-Wol
66
July / August / September / October / November / December
July: 7월 = Chi-Rwol / August: 8월 = Pa-Rwol / September: 9월 = Gu-Wol / October: 10월 = Si-Wol / November: 11월 = Si-Bi-Rwol / December: 12월 = Si-Bi-Wol
67
General rule for days in a month?
| What day?
Sino korean number + il (일) "Day"
| Myeo-Chil (며칠)
68
What month and what date?
Myeo-Dwol Myeo-Chil (몇 월 며칠)
69
How to say the days in a month? 1-31
1일 (i-Dil) / 2일 (i-il) / 3일 (Sam-il) / 4일 (Sa-il) / 5일 (O-il) ... 29일 / 30일 / 31일
70
What date is it today?
O-Neul Myeo-Dwol Myeo-Chil-i-Eh-Yo?
| 오늘 몇 월 며칠이에요?
71
When?
| When is your birthday?
When = Eon-Je (언제)
| Saeng-il-i Eon-Je-Ye-Yo? (생일이 언제예요?)
72
"Also", "Too" and "As well"
-Do (-도)
| Particle normally used after the noun in a sentence.
73
Using 도 with verbs
= Noun form of the verb + -도 하다 (Do Ha-Da)
74
Change a verb into a noun
Adding -기 (-gi) to the verb stem
To see= 보다 (Bo-Da)
Noun form: 보 + -기 = 보기 (Bo-Gi)
보다 --> 보기도 하다 (Bo-Gi-Do Ha-Da) To also/even see.
75
Only in korean
-Man (-만)
76
Adding -만 after nouns and pronouns:
| I will only buy this
I-Geot-"Man" Sal-Geo-Ye-Yo (이것만 살 거예요)
77
Adding -만 after nouns and verbs:
| To only listen:
Verb: Add (-기 + -만 하다)
| Deut-Gi-Man Ha-Da (듣기만 하다)
78
```
A little, a bit, a little bit
Really, truly
Very, quite
Not really, not particularly
Not at all
```
```
조금 (Jo-Geum)
정말 (Jeong-Mal)
아주 (A-Ju)
별로 (Pyeol-lo)
전혀 (Jeon-Hyeo)
```
79
Sentence structure for CAN do something
-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 / -(eu)l su it-da
To see = 보다
Can see = 보 + -ㄹ 수 있다 = 볼 수 있다 (Bol Su it-Da)
80
Sentence structure for CANT do something
-(으)ㄹ 수 없다 / -(eu)l su eop-da
To sleep = 자다
Can not sleep = --> 자 + -ㄹ 수 없다 = 잘 수 없다
(Jal Su Eop-Da)
81
Another way of saying -(으)ㄹ 수 없다 (Eu L Su Eop-Da)
Adding 못 (Mot) before a verb.
| Can not go = 못 가다
82
To be good at (To do it well):
| To be bad at: (To do it poorly):
~을/를 잘 하다 = To be well at... (Jal Ha-Da)
| ~을/를 못 하다 = To be poor at.. (Mot Ha-Da)
83
To run well (2 ways of saying)
1) 잘 달리다 (Jal - Dal-Ri-Da)
2) 달리기를 잘 하다 (Dal-Ri-Gi Neun Jal Ha-Da)
Number 2 is more correct since the phrase is incomplete in the first one.
Here, 달리다 was changed to its noun form, 달리"기" and was followed by 잘 하다. Object marking particle in the middle as well.
84
General way of making nouns out of verbs
-Neun Geot(-는 것)
Construction: Verb stem + -는 것
Means: "Doing" something / The act of "doing" something
/ The thing that you "do" / What you "do"
85
Example of making nouns out of verbs
To go = The act of going
Ga = Go
Ga-Da (가다)
| Ga-Neun Geot (가는 것)
86
Difference between -는 것 (Neun Geot) / -는 거 (Neun Geo)
- 는 것 is the original way and is used in very formal settings.
- 는 거 is the common way, and is used for the ease of pronunciation.
87
Construction of: Have to / Should
Verb stem + -아/어/여 + -야 되다/하다
1) Verb stems ending in vowels ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ ㅗ’ + -아야 되다/하다
2) Verb stems ending in other vowels + -어야 되다/하다
3) 하 + -여야 되다/하다
One of the three above.
88
Example of using: Have to / Should
| To sleep: 자다 (Ja-Da)
자 + -"아"/어/여 + -야 되다/하다
- -> 자야 되다/하다 (Drop 아 as its the same vowel in 자)
- -> 자야 되다 and 자야 하다 are the same thing.
89
How to say "More" and "Than"
More = 더 (Deo) Pronounced "Theo"
더 is placed before the word referring to.
Than / Compared to = 보다 (Bo-Da)
보다 comes after the referred word, in English its opposite.
90
To be good (To like)
Jo-Da (좋다)
91
Difference between 좋다 and 좋아하다 (To like)
Precise meaning: 좋아하다 Litt. meaning = To like.
Both are simillar, but 좋다 is followed by a noun thats is the subject of the sentence, and 좋아하다 is followed by a noun that is the object of the sentence.
좋아하다 is for precise expression.
92
"If" in korean
2 expressions:
1) Man-Yak (만약) = In case, if
2) Verb ending for "if" = -(으)면 "-(eu)myeon"
만약 is used at beginning of sentences to make sure the person knows it's an "if" sentence.
93
Example of using "if"
To sleep -> if you sleep
자다
If you sleep = 자면 Verb stem + 면
Expression nr. 2 i used:
Verb ending for "if" = -(으)면 "-(eu)myeon"
94
"Still" and "not yet"
1) It's still 10 o'clock
2) I don't know yet.
아직 = A-Jik
It's still 10 o'clock: 아직 10시예요 "A-Jik Yeol-Si-Ye-Yo.
I don't know yet: 아직 몰라요 "A-Jik Mol-La-Yo"
Bonus: Add 도 after 아직 to "emphasize" the meaning.
95
2 words for "Already" and their difference usage
벌써 "Beol-Sseo" / 이미 "i-Mi"
Both means "already", but 이미 is used when you and the other person knows about the fact. 벌써 is when the other person don't.
96
Change interrogative words to some__words
When / What / Who / Where
Sometime / something / Someone / Somewhere
```
언제 (when) - 언젠가 (someday)
뭐 (what) - 뭔가 (something)
누구 (who) - 누군가 (someone)
어디 (where) - 어딘가 (somewhere)
Sometimes Koreans dont use the Some_words, because of efficiency. If you use only the interrogative words, watch out for what words you stress, to make the intonation clear.
```
97
How to tell someone to do something in polite korean?
| Ex: To come = 오다 --> Please come
Verb stem + -(으)세요 ([-(eu)se-yo]).
Verb stem ending in consonant: -(으)세요
Verb stem ending in vowel or “ㄹ”: -세요
Please come: 오 + -세요 = 오세요 (O-Se-Yo)
98
More polite way of asking someone to do something for you?
| Please come: 오세요
Verb stem + -아/어/여 + 주세요 (Ju-Se-Yo).
Please do me a favour and come: 와 주세요.
Changing to this form of -세요 makes the sentence mean "for me", even though you're not saying it. It also emphazises the meaning of some sentences, since its a favour "for you", and not just a "please" sentence.
99
Particle for method, way
-(eu)ro = -(으)로
Construction:
Noun ending with consonant + -으로
Noun ending in vowel or ㄹ + -로
100
Example of using the particle -(으)로.
| To make "Something" with wood
나무로 만들다 (Na-Mu-Ro Man-Deul-Da)
| 나무 (Wood) + 로 + 만들다 (To make).
101
All / Entirely / Whole
| More
-다 (Da) (Ta)
더 (Deo) (Theo)
Korean speakers use adverbs and verbs, where as english speakers use adjectives and nouns.
102
```
Example of using All and More
-다 (Da) (Ta) = All
더 (Deo) (Theo) = More
Give me all of it.
Please give me more
```
Give me all of it = 다 주세요 (Da Ju-Se-Yo)
| Please give me more = 더 주세요 (Deo Ju-Se-Yo)
103
Saying: Don't do it.
| To quit / Stop doing
Mal-Da.
Verb stem + -Ji Ma-Se-Yo
Don't go = Ga-Ji Ma-Se-Yo
104
Too (much) / Excessively & Very / Really / Quite
- 너무(Neo-Mu)
105
Use of 너무 (Neo-Mu)
| Ex: It's too big / It's too expensive / It's too fast.
It's too big: 너무 커요 (Neo-Mu "Keo-Yo")
It's too expensive: 너무 비싸요 (Neo-Mu "Bi-Ssa-Yo")
It's too fast: 너무 빨라요(Neo-Mu "Ppal-La-Yo")
