Korean sentence structure

Question 1

In English, we can simply add “please” before a command to make it polite. In Korean, a single-verb command is expressed by conjugating the verb into an imperative ending.

Answer 1

You can add -(으)십시오 to a verb stem. Similarly to English, a command in Korean does not have a subject.

Question 2

single-verb command endings like -(으)십시오 can be expressed by

Answer 2

conjugating the verb into an imperative ending.

Question 3

가십시오.

Answer 3

go (respectfully)/ please go

Question 4

Korean command also puts the object before the verb, which is the opposite of English.

Sample sentence: 사과를 드십시오 (먹으십시오)

Answer 4

(please) eat apples
apples (object particle) eat (imperative ending)

Question 5

Invitational expressions are formed by conjugating the verb ending with -(으)ㅂ시다.
갑시다. (kapsida)

Answer 5

let’s go

Question 6

사과를 먹읍시다.

Answer 6

Lets eat apples
(Apples let’s eat)

Question 7

이/가

Answer 7

used for the subject of the sentence.

Question 8

는/은

Answer 8

particles used to indicate the topic of the sentence. The topic is like the subject of a sentence, but with some differences.

Question 9

The topic marker puts the emphasis on the verb while the subject marker places emphasis on the ____
그는 고양이를 봅니다

Answer 9

subject
He sees a cat

Question 10

그가 고양이를 봅니다

Answer 10

It’s him who sees a cat

Question 11

Particles 를 and 을 are placed after a word to indicate the object of a sentence.
Example: 저는 영화를 봅니다.

Answer 11

I movie watch
(I watch a movie)

Question 12

저는 밥을 맛있게 먹습니다

Answer 12

I eat rice deliciously

Question 13

저는 열심히 공부합니다

Answer 13

I study hard.

Question 14

저는 어제 밥을 먹었습니다.

Answer 14

I ate rice yesterday.

Question 15

어제 저는 밥을 먹었습니다.

Answer 15

Yesterday I ate rice

Question 16

저는 어제 오전 8시에 일어났습니다.

Answer 16

Yesterday I woke up at 8am

Question 17

저는 식당에서 밥을 먹었습니다

Answer 17

I ate rice at the restaurant

Question 18

Locations are put between subject and object or before verbs. -에서 is location particle, which is similar with _____

Answer 18

at/in

Question 19

Particle 에 is similar with “to”. It makes a word become a location.

저는 학교에 갑니다

Answer 19

I go to school

Question 20

그는 서울에 일을 하러 갑니다

Answer 20

He goes to Seoul to work.

Question 21

Complete Korean sentence structure (declarative):

subject + time + place + object + manner + verb

Sample sentence:

저는 요즘 집에서 한국어를 열심히 공부합니다.

Answer 21

I, these days at home Korean very hard study
I study Korean at home very hard these day

Question 22

저는 사과를 먹습니다 → I eat apples

Subject-Object-Verb

This can also be written as:

사과를 먹습니다 → I eat apples

Answer 22

(Subject)–Object–Verb

Question 23

Koreans, especially in spoken Korean, often omit the particles from sentences when the context is enough to make clear what the subject or object in a sentence is even without particles.

저는 사과(를) 먹습니다.

그는 영어(를) 공부합니다.

Answer 23

I eat apples.
He studies English

Question 24

When the meaning is clear or roles are marked clearly with particles, Koreans occasionally just switch the order in a casual conversation. All the components can move to any position in a sentence. As mentioned, particles clearly mark what is the subject or object in a sentence, so Koreans can tell what’s the subject or the object no matter what.

저는 사과를 먹습니다.

사과를 저는 먹습니다.

사과를 먹습니다 저는.

Answer 24

I eat apples
I eat apples
I eat apples

Question 25

저는 갑니다.
갑니다

Answer 25

I’m going
I’m going

Question 26

하다

Answer 26

to do

Question 27

가다

Answer 27

to go

Question 28

오다

Answer 28

to come

Question 29

보다

Answer 29

to see

Question 30

먹다

Answer 30

to eat

Question 31

자다

Answer 31

to sleep

Question 32

읽다

Answer 32

to read

Question 33

쓰다

Answer 33

to write

Question 34

자야 해요

Answer 34

I must sleep

Question 35

자고 싶어요

Answer 35

I want to sleep

Question 36

잘 거예요

Answer 36

I will sleep

Question 37

잘 수 없어요

Answer 37

I can’t sleep

Question 38

가야 해요

Answer 38

I must go

Question 39

가고 싶어요

Answer 39

I want to go

Question 40

갈 거예요

Answer 40

I will go

Question 41

갈 수 없어요

Answer 41

I can’t go

Question 42

나는 자고 싶어요

(naneun jago sipeoyo)

Subject – Verb

Answer 42

I want to sleep

Question 43

나는 피곤해요

(naneun pigohaeyo)

Subject – Adjective

Answer 43

I am tired

Question 44

나는 피자 먹어요

(naneun pija meogeoyo)

Subject – Object – Verb

Answer 44

I eat pizza

Question 45

저는 회사원이 아닙니다

Answer 45

I am not an office worker

Question 46

잭슨은 개를 봤어요.

Answer 46

Jackson saw a dog

Question 47

내가 개를 봤어요

Answer 47

It’s me who saw a dog

Question 48

잭슨이 개를 봤어요.

Answer 48

It’s Jackson who saw a dog

Question 49

그녀는 문을 닫았다

Answer 49

She closed the door
Subject: 그녀 — She

Object: 문 — door

Verb: 닫았다 — closed

Question 50

할아버지가 오셨다.

Answer 50

Grandfather came
Subject: 할아버지 — grandfather

Verb: 오셨다 — came

Question 51

그녀는 들었다

Answer 51

She heard
Subject: 그녀 — She

Verb: 들었다 — heard

Question 52

날씨가 덥다

Answer 52

The weather is hot
Subject: 날씨 — weather

Adjective: 덥다 — hot

Question 53

영화는 길었다

Answer 53

The movie was long
Subject: 영화 — Movie

Adjective: 길었다 — long

Question 54

어디 가요?

Answer 54

Where go?
Where are you going?