Kotlin

Question 1

modern but already mature programming language designed to make developers happier

Answer 1

kotlin

Question 2

Kotlin was built by software development tool creators ___ in 2010

Answer 2

JetBrains

Question 3

Why use ‘Kotlin‘?

Answer 3

• Kotlin is fully compatible with Java
• Kotlin works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
• Kotlin is concise and safe
• Kotlin is easy to learn, especially if you already know Java
• Kotlin is free to use Big community/support

Question 4

What is the IDE used for Kotlin (in our case)?

Answer 4

IntelliJ

Question 5

is the entry point for a Kotlin application

Answer 5

Function Declaration

Question 6

This keyword is short for “function” and is used to declare a function in Kotlin.

Answer 6

fun

Question 7

This is the name of the function. By convention, it’s called main and serves as the entry point for the program

Answer 7

main

Question 8

How do we write comments?

Answer 8

/**/ - multiline comments
// - one liner comments

Question 9

is used to declare a mutable variable, which means its value can be changed or reassigned after it’s initially assigned

Answer 9

var

Question 10

is used to declare an immutable variable, which means its value cannot be changed or reassigned after it’s initially assigned. It’s essentially a constant.

Answer 10

val

Question 11

Represents 32-bit signed integers

Answer 11

int

Question 12

Represents 64-bit signed integer

Answer 12

long

Question 13

Represents 16-bit signed integers

Answer 13

short

Question 14

Represents 8-bit signed integers

Answer 14

byte

Question 15

epresents 32-bit floating-point numbers

Answer 15

float

Question 16

Represents 64-bit floating-point numbers

Answer 16

double

Question 17

Represents true or false values

Answer 17

boolean

Question 18

Represents a single character

Answer 18

char

Question 19

Represents a sequence of characters

Answer 19

string

Question 20

2 ways to input in kotlin

Answer 20

1.) val scanner = Scanner(System.in)
val name = scanner.next()
2.) val name = readLine()

Question 21

are used to assign values to variables

Answer 21

Assignment operators

Question 22

are used to compare two values, and returns a Boolean value: either true or false

Answer 22

Comparison operators

Question 23

are used to determine the logic between variables or values

Answer 23

Logical operators

Question 24

(also called as Type casting) refers to changing the entity of one data type variable into another data type.

Answer 24

Type conversion

Question 25

how to type cast?

Answer 25

varname.toString() varname.toFloat()

Question 26

An expression consists of __,___,___ etc that produce a single value | enumerate 3

Answer 26

variables, operators, methods calls

Question 27

A ___ is the syntactic unit of any programming language that expresses some action to be carried out. A program is formed by the sequence of one or more statements.

Answer 27

statement

Question 28

A ___ is a section of software code enclosed with curly braces ({…}). A block can consist of one or more statements, preceded by the declarations of variables.

Answer 28

block

Question 29

The ___ specifies a block of code and executes it only if a given condition is true. Otherwise, it ignores the block of code.

Answer 29

if statement

Question 30

# loops The codes inside the body of ___ is executed once (without checking the testExpression). Then, the test expression is checked.

Answer 30

do construct

Question 31

# loops If the test expression is evaluated to true, codes inside the body of the loop are ___, and test expression is evaluated again. This process goes on until the test expression is evaluated to false.

Answer 31

executed

Question 32

There are 2 ways to use break and continue in Kotlin programming.

Answer 32

a. With Label(Labeled). b. Without Label(UnLabeled)

Question 33

is used to come out of a loop once a certain condition is met. This loop could be a for, while or do...while loop.

Answer 33

labeled break statement

Question 34

Kotlin labeled break statement is used to terminate the specific loop. This is done by using break expression with what format?

Answer 34

@ sign followed by label name (break@LabelName)

Question 35

breaks the loop iteration in between (skips the part next to the continue statement till end of the loop) and continues with the next iteration in the loop.

Answer 35

Labeled continue statement

Question 36

Kotlin labeled continue statement is used to skip the part of a specific loop. This is done by using continue expression with what format?

Answer 36

@ sign followed by label name (continue@LabelName)

Question 37

When break expression encounters in a program it terminates to nearest enclosing loop

Answer 37

unlabeled break statement

Question 38

is to used to exit the loop when it satisfies a specific condition without checking the test expression. Then, transfers the control to the following statement of while block

Answer 38

Unlabelled break

Question 39

In do-while loop also we can use the ___ to exit the loop without checking the test expression

Answer 39

break expression

Question 40

Continue is used to repeat the loop for a specific condition. It skips the following statements and continues with the next iteration of the loop.

Answer 40

Kotlin unlabelled continue

Question 41

___ are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of creating separate variables for each value.

Answer 41

Arrays

Question 42

To create an array, use the __ function, and place the values in a comma-separated list inside it.

Answer 42

arrayOf()

Question 43

format of array creation?

Answer 43

val arrayName = arrayOf(ElementType)

Question 44

You can access an array element by referring to the ___, inside square brackets.

Answer 44

index number

Question 45

You can use the __ operator to check if an element exists in an array

Answer 45

in

Question 46

You can loop through the array elements with the __

Answer 46

for loop

Question 47

contain a group of related statements that perform specific tasks. They are designed to be reusable, eliminating the need to rewrite the piece of code every time it is used.

Answer 47

Functions

Question 48

Built-in functions that are immediately ready for use. The Kotlin Standard Library has several packages for different uses

Answer 48

Kotlin Standard Library Functions

Question 49

Give examples of Kotlin Standard Library Functions

Answer 49

* kotlin * kotlin.annotation * kotlin.browser * kotlin.collections * kotlin.js * kotlin.jvm * kotlin.jvm.optionals * kotlin.math

Question 50

as the name implies, functions that you define and write yourself.

Answer 50

User-defined Functions

Question 51

also known as formal arguments, are placeholders for input values (arguments) that the function will use.

Answer 51

Parameters

Question 52

In Kotlin, parameters are declared using the Pascal notation.

Answer 52

name:type

Question 53

If the function has a return type, a ___ must be used. The return statement signals the end of the function definition. The variable returned is the output of the function.

Answer 53

return statement

Question 54

___ are called using their identifier followed by a __ which may contain arguments based on its declaration

Answer 54

Functions, set of parentheses “()”

Question 55

are values that were assigned to parameters at the function’s definition. This allows us to call functions with missing arguments. If an argument is not passed to a parameter with a default value, it will use the default value instead.

Answer 55

Default arguments

Question 56

allow you to specify arguments using the name of the parameter instead of relying on its position.

Answer 56

Named Arguments

Question 57

A ___ is a function that calls itself, either directly or indirectly, to solve a problem. Recursion is a powerful technique used in programming when a problem can be broken down into smaller, similar subproblems.

Answer 57

recursive function

Question 58

3 advantages of recursive function

Answer 58

1. Improved code readability and maintainability 2. Easy implementation of algorithms 3. Reusability

Question 59

2 disadvantages of recursive functions

Answer 59

1. Increased memory usage 2. Performance

Question 60

A ___ is a concise way to represent an anonymous function (a function that has no name) that can be used as a variable, argument, or return value in higher-order functions.

Answer 60

lambda expression

Question 61

___ are a fundamental feature of functional programming in Kotlin and are used extensively when working with functions, collections, and other higher-order constructs.

Answer 61

Lambda expressions

Question 62

lambda format

Answer 62

{parameters -> body} | always between curly braces!

Question 63

are a powerful feature that allows you to treat functions as first-class citizens, meaning you can pass functions as arguments, return them from other functions, and assign them to variables.

Answer 63

Higher-order functions

Question 64

enable functional programming paradigms and are a fundamental part of the language's expressiveness and flexibility.

Answer 64

Higher-order functions