L 20-21 Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology Fall 2015 > L 20-21 > Flashcards

Flashcards in L 20-21 Deck (28)
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1
Q

Alpha receptors

A

Epi>NE»>Isoproterenol
Alpha1: excitatory, Gq
Alpha2: inhibitory, presynaptic, Gi

2
Q

Alpha1 receptors

A
Phenylephrine–selective Alpha1
Vasoconstriction
Prostate constriction
Ejaculation
Dilate pupils
Pilomotor erection
Contract GU SM
3
Q

Alpha2 receptors

A

Clonidine–selective alpha2

Causes decreased NT release causing decreased BP and dry mouth

4
Q

Beta receptors

A
Isoproterenol high affinity for all beta receptors
Gs coupled
Beta1: Isoproterenol>Epi = NE
Beta2: Isoproterenol>Epi>>>NE
Beta3 Isoproterenol = NE >Epi
5
Q

Beta1 receptors

A

Dobutamine (selective agonist)

Heart and kidney (renin)

6
Q

Beta2 receptors

A

Albuterol (selective agonist)
RELAX: bronchi, uterus, GI, BV,
Inc K uptake
Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

7
Q

Beta3 receptors

A

Lypolysis

relax bladder

8
Q

Sympathetic stimulants that are not catecholamines

A

Ephedrine

Amphetamine

9
Q

Effect of Phenylephrine on BP and HR

A

Alpha1 agonist
Causes vasoconstriction=> inc BP
Reflex dec HR

10
Q

Effect of Isoproterenol on BP and HR

A

Beta agonist
Beta1=> inc HR and contractility=> inc pulse pressure
Bet2=> dec in BP => inc HR (reflex)
Overall: inc HR, dec BP

11
Q

Effect of NE on BP and HR

A
Alpha and Beta1 agonist
Alpha=> vasoconstriction=> inc BP
Beta1=> Inc CO
With reflex response to inc BP, HR will not change much, but BP will go up
Pulse pressure may not change much
12
Q

Effect of Epi on BP and HR

A

Alpha and Beta agonist
Alpha=> inc BP
Beta1=> inc HR and pulse pressure
Beta2=> dec BP such that baroresponse is not needed
Overall: inc pulse pressure, inc HR, MAP same

At higher doses, alpha effect accentuated causing inc in BP

13
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha1 selective agonist

14
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Sudafed

Alpha1 agonist

15
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Afrin

Alpha1 agonist used in nasal mucosa

16
Q

Tetrahydrozoline

A

Visine

Alpha1 agonist used in eyes

17
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha2 agonist
acts in brain, reduces NE release=> decreased sympathetic tone in body
Treats hypertension, anxiety
Side effect= dry mouth

18
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Alpha2 agonist

Used in eye to treat glaucoma by dec Beta2 stimulation

19
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alpha2 agonist

Used in eye to decrease pressure by dec beta2 stimulation

20
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Beta agonist

Emergency treatment for cardiac arrest

21
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta1 selective

cardiac stress test

22
Q

Albuterol

A

Beta2 selective
Asthma
Prevents labor
Headache common side effect

23
Q

Ephedrine

A

Toned down epinephrine

Alpha and Beta agonist

24
Q

Dopamine

A

Increases renal blood flow

25
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Displaces NE and DA from vesicles increasing their release, especially in CNS
Increase alertness, activity, decrease sleep, decrease appetite, euphoria

26
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Ritalin
Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Like amphetamine
Paradoxical decrease in activity with kids

27
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Inhibits reuptake of DA and NE
Amphetamine-like effect but shorter acting and more intense
Can cause hypertension and stroke and psychosis

28
Q

Tyramine

A

Indirect acting sympathomimetic
Found in food
Displaces NE from vesicles causing initial increase in NE release, then replaces vesicles with false transmitter called octopamine which leads to tachyphylaxis (quick no effect)
Usually disabled in GI and Liver by MAO and causes no problems
People on MAO inhibitors may have hypertensive crisis