L 3 - Pattern Recognitio In Innate Immunity

Question 1

What do T and B cells recognise, what are their antigen receptor and how many structures can they recognise

Answer 1

Question 2

Does b cells making ab provide a good or bad response

Answer 2

Question 3

What’s needed in a vaccine to promote a good response

Answer 3

Adjuvants

Question 4

Does the CW act as a good adjuvant or not

Answer 4

Question 5

Can a B cell combine with self?

Answer 5

Question 6

How many signals are needed for B cells to make Ab/ differentiate

Answer 6

Question 7

How does APC recognise self from non self ?

Answer 7

PRR

Question 8

Innate vs adaptive receptors
Fill in the grid below saying yes or no to features for innate and adaptive

Answer 8

Question 9

What’s soluble pattern recognition

Answer 9

Type of PRR, relevant for complement cascade and AMPs

Question 10

What are anti-microbial peptides and what are their function

Answer 10

Question 11

What’s the complement system
name it’s pathways and how they are activated (3)
Define the outcome for each when activated

Answer 11

Question 12

Complement cascade
Name pathways, effectors and outcomes

Answer 12

Question 13

Can MBL (mannose binding lectin) from complement bind to host cells? Explain

Answer 13

Question 14

What are cell associated PRR

Answer 14

-Another type of PRR, that aren’t serum soluble PRR
- they are proteins expressed mainly by cells of innate IS such as DC, macro/monocytes, neutrophils and epithelial cells to identify two classes of molecules (PAMPS and DAMPS)

Question 15

How do neutrophils get to the site of inflammation/ infection

Answer 15

Neutrophils granulate when activated by PRR (cellular). They get to site of infection by chemoattraction

Question 16

Do macrophages drive or resolve inflammation

Answer 16

Question 17

Are DC APC

Answer 17

Question 18

What are PAMPS and what do they bind to

Answer 18

Question 19

What are CLRs and what do they do

Answer 19

Question 20

What are TLR

Answer 20

TLR = class of protein that play a key role in innate IS, usually expressed on sentinel cells like macro and DC that recognise structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.

Question 21

Do gram neg or pos bacteria have LPS

Answer 21

LPS is outer membrane in gram negative bacteria

Question 22

What does LPS bind to and what does it signal via

Answer 22

Question 23

What can TLRs recognise and can they act in different cellular components

Answer 23

Question 24

What’s the most common adapter in TLRs

Answer 24

Adapter molecules in TLR signalling pathways initiates pathway. Most TCRs have adapter MyD88 internally bound In cell except TLR3 which needs TRIF

Question 25

What systems recognise foreign nucleic acid in the cytoplasm

Answer 25

DAI (Dna-dependent activation of IFN-regulatory factors) and or RLR systems recognise foreign NA in cytoplasm and cause IFN and cytokine production

Question 26

Obstacle of mRNA vaccines and how it was overcome

Answer 26

Question 27

How does STING. Contribute to intracellular resistance to infection

Answer 27

Question 28

What genes are regulated by interferon alpha/beta

Answer 28

Question 29

Intracellular recognition systems that proved resistance to infection (3) what they produce

Answer 29

TLTs, RLRs and NLRs

Question 30

How does inflammasome interact with NLR

Answer 30

Question 31

How do TLR initiate cytokine production

Answer 31

Question 32

When tissues eg epithelium respond to type one infection what’s the role of type 1 interferons

Answer 32

Question 33

Very briefly how does innate cells like DC and macro activate adaptive response

Answer 33