L#. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRATIFICATION

Question 1

The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on these characteristics

Answer 1

Differentiation

Question 2

The layering of social categories into higher and lower position of prestige or respect.

Answer 2

Social Stratification

Question 3

The relative social position of persons within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit.

Answer 3

Social Stratification

Question 4

SOCIAL CLASSES

Consists of elite families who are the most prolific and successful in their respective areas. (i.e. stockholders, investors, etc.)

Answer 4

Upper Class

Question 5

SOCIAL CLASSES

These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, managers, owners of small business, executives, etc. They live in spacious houses and value education the most since it is the most important measure of social status.

Answer 5

Middle Class

Question 6

SOCIAL CLASSES

These are the office and clerical workers, farm employees, underemployed and indigent families. They lived in smaller houses. They are short of revenue, education or trainings, acquaintances and communication, so they depend on their paycheck

Answer 6

Lower Class

Question 7

The individual’s position in the social structure

Answer 7

Status

Question 8

The higher or lower positions that come about through social stratification.

Answer 8

Statuses

Question 9

These are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of some fixed category, without regard to a person’s abilities or performance. (i.e. sex, family background, race, & ethnic heritage

Answer 9

Ascribed Statuses

Question 10

This is earned by the individual. You establish which statuses you want, but you struggle and exert more effort with others to get hold of them.

Answer 10

Achieved Statuses

Question 11

This refers to the evaluation of status. You have this according to your status. The assessment is in your status not on your individual personality or capability.

Answer 11

Prestige

Question 12

This refers to the assessment of our role behavior. The measure of this depends on how well we carry out our role.

Answer 12

Esteem

Question 13

According to him, it was the Industrial Revolution that divided the society into two classes.

Answer 13

Karl Marx

Question 14

It is generally referred to as a number of people who are group collectively because they have similar professional/occupational statuses, amount of prestige or lifestyle.

Answer 14

Social Class

Question 15

It is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or influenced by, political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority.

Answer 15

Political Stratification

Question 16

The act of moving from one social status to another.

Answer 16

Social Mobility

Question 16

Political stratification is categorized by _______ __________.

Answer 16

power volume

Question 17

It is the ability to carry out the spirit to delineate and take charge of activities of other people through various ways (right, violence, authority, etc.).

Answer 17

Power

Question 18

It means that individuals can change their social class position in the society.

Answer 18

Open class system

Question 19

If mostly all people remain in the social class rank of their parents then we call it a ________ ______ society

Answer 19

closed class

Question 20

TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

The movement of the person within a social class level

Answer 20

Horizontal Mobility

Question 21

TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

The movement of the person between social class levels. In other words, the person may either rise or fall in the social class structure.

Answer 21

Vertical Mobility

Question 22

It is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society.

Answer 22

Social Inequality

Question 23

It refers to the ways in which socially-defined categories of persons are differentially positioned with regards to access to a variety of social ‘goods’, such as the labour market and other sources of income, the education and healthcare systems, and forms of political representation and participation.

Answer 23

Social Inequality

Question 24

It is a major contributing factor to social inequality.

Answer 24

Sexism

Question 25

The deepening division in the roles assigned to men and women, particularly in the economic, political and educational spheres.

Answer 25

Gender inequality

Question 26

In the United States, during the 19__’s: __ states did not permit a woman to maintain her own earnings without her husband’s approval. __ states ruled that a married woman could not make legal contracts. In _ states, women were banned from serving on juries and; Many states controlled the kinds of jobs that women could hold.

Answer 26

40, 11, 16, 7

Question 27

In _____, a group of women led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, held a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss women’s rights which marked the start of the women’s suffrage (voting) movement.

Answer 27

1848

Question 28

In 1844, a group of women led by ___________ _____ __________, held a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss women’s rights which marked the start of the women’s suffrage (voting) movement.

Answer 28

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 29

They fought hard as they had to rally, demonstrate, and even chain themselves to railings until they finally got the vote in _____.

Answer 29

1920

Question 30

70 years after the convention, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, thus giving the women the right to vote. The _____ ______ _______________ (_._._.) was first introduced into Congress in _____.

Answer 30

Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.), 1923

Question 31

“The Feminine Mystique”

Answer 31

Betty Friedan

Question 32

Incapability to find complete fulfilment in being a wife, mother, and a homemaker. The need for a **“fourth dimension”**, or a person having her own rights. She insisted that women should also have other roles open for them, besides being a wife and a moth

Answer 32

Betty Friedan

Question 33

19__ – Betty Friedan and other women established __________ _____________ ____ _________ (NOW) to call for necessary reform and to end sex discrimination.

Answer 33

66, National Organization for Women

Question 34

A legal action by which citizens can force public officials to do the job they are supposed to do.

Answer 34

Writ of mandamus

Question 35

It is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of the nation’s residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality

Answer 35

The Gini coefficient

Question 36

The deepest and longest- lasting economic downturn in the history of western industrialized world. The stock market crashed on October 1929.

Answer 36

The Great Depression

Question 37

It is a term that represents the sharp decline in economic activity during the late 2000s, which is generally considered the largest downturn since the Great Depression

Answer 37

The Great Recession

Question 38

He argued that "The challenge for policy is not to eliminate inequality per se but rather to spread economic opportunity as widely as possible.

Answer 38

Ben Bernanke

Question 39

______ ____________, a United Nations adviser, said the income inequality may have social and political consequences, it reduces the sustainability of economic growth and weakens social cohesion and security.

Answer 39

Amina Mohamed

Question 40

Suggest that global inequality between countries is more to growth of the world economy than inequality within countries.

Answer 40

Milanovic (2011)

Question 41

These are members that have more power than other people in the society; set standards and establish the values and norms of the society

Answer 41

Dominant members

Question 42

They are barred from power, prestige or wealth; usually denied equal treatments by the dominant members of society

Answer 42

Minorities

Question 43

It is the resistance of equality wherein minorities are deprived of equal treatment and are kept in a lower status by the dominant members of society.

Answer 43

Discrimination

Question 44

It is a damaging act which can take many forms.

Answer 44

Discrimination

Question 45

It is a preconceived idea or prejudgment of others that allows us to brand or label them in various pessimistic ways.

Answer 45

Prejudice

Question 46

Discrimination is an ___ while prejudice is an ____________.

Answer 46

act, attitude

Question 47

It provides the justification to take actions that might be otherwise considered immoral or unjust.

Answer 47

Prejudice

Question 48

This refers to our propensity to picture all members of a particular category with the same qualities.

Answer 48

Stereotyping

Question 49

This is often the result of overgeneralization

Answer 49

Stereotyping

Question 50

The belief that our own nation, race or group is the best. The consequence is we suppose that other groups or societies are inferior to our own.

Answer 50

Ethnocentrism

Question 50

A situation wherein people encounter problems they do not know how to solve which leads to frustration and then aggression.

Answer 50

SCAPEGOATING

Question 51

__________ are often the subject of scapegoating since they lack power and status on the society.

Answer 51

Minorities

Question 52

The thinking that one’s own race is superior and has the right to control or direct others.

Answer 52

Racism

Question 53

It helps maintain the myth that other people are inferior because of certain differences.

Answer 53

Racism

Question 54

People whose cultural backgrounds differ from what is dominant in a particular society.

Answer 54

Ethnic Minorities

Question 55

How do people become minorities? (3)

Answer 55

Migration, colonialism, annexation.

Question 56

When people move or migrate, they are commonly called as _____________ __ ___ ____ ________. Migration could be voluntary or involuntary

Answer 56

minorities in the new society.

Question 58

This happens when people from other country settled in a new land and decided to take control over the society. This is usually due to the thirst for economic gain.

Answer 58

Colonialism

Question 59

Citizens can be a minority when their country is joined to other nations. This could be voluntary or involuntary. This usually happens after a war has ended.

Answer 59

Annexation

Question 60

Most tremendous form of rejection or most brutal treatment for minorities. This pursues killing.

Answer 60

Extermination

Question 61

It is the elimination of the minority group form the dominant society. They were usually sent to an unused tract of land.

Answer 61

Expulsion

Question 62

This is the spatial separation of the minorities. It involves housing, schools, jobs, transportation, restrooms, theatres, and restaurants.

Answer 62

Segregation

Question 63

It is the acceptance and recognition of cultural differences in subgroups with no one dominating the others.

Answer 63

Cultural Pluralism

Question 64

This refers to the blending of the minorities to the dominant society. They wanted to be like the dominant members of the society.

Answer 64

Assimilation

Question 65

This sometimes happen as assimilation occurs. It is the blending through accepted intermarriage. Through this, the differences of the dominant and the minorities disappear.

Answer 65

Amalgamation

Question 66

It is a disability that limits the physical function of the limbs, fine bones, or gross motor ability.

Answer 66

Physical Disability

Question 67

It ranges from mental retardation to cognitive deficits too mild or too specific. It may appear in any age

Answer 67

Intellectual Disability

Question 68

A psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress

Answer 68

Mental and Emotional Disability

Question 69

Any disability that results in problems with growth and developments

Answer 69

Developmental

Question 70

Several chronic disorders (diabetes, asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases, epilepsy, narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, and sleep disorders)

Answer 70

Non-visible