L1

Question 1

N（で/から）できる

Answer 1

で　できる - made out of

から　できる - made from

Question 2

adj-stem + さ

Answer 2

forms a noun

-ness, -ty

Question 3

Nの/V plain ように

Answer 3

like/as if
XのようにY：
X resembles Y
when X is as Y shows
when X does somethingas shown by Y

Question 4

XはYで　有名だ/知られている

Answer 4

X is famous for Y

X is known for Y

Question 5

V-ます形　/　i-adj-stem+く

Answer 5

sentence is continuing
eg: この地方は冬は雪が多く、夏はとても暑い。
This place snows heavily in winter AND is very hot in summer.

Question 6

V-dict こと（が/も）ある

Answer 6

There are times when ~

Sometimes ~

Question 7

（N1～か / Q-wordかどうか）はN2に（よって違う/よる）

Answer 7

～によって違う ‐ differ depending on N2
～による - depend on
eg: 
The age where one can get a driver's license differs depending on the country s/he is in.
何歳で運電免許が取れるかどうか　は国　によって違う。
ｖｓ
The age where one can get a driver's license depends on the country s/he is in.
何歳で運転免許が取れるかどうか　は国　による。

Question 8

V-ます形　始まる

Answer 8

begin to V / begin V-ing
eg:
Begin to rain / begin raining - 降り始まる

Question 9

～は sentence-plain と言われている

Answer 9

～is said to be (sentence)

It is said that ～

Question 10

～と言えば

Answer 10

Speaking of ～

Question 11

～とか…（～とか）

Answer 11

giving example casually

Question 12

Xと言うのは（Nのこと / N/Sということ / Sという意味）だ

Answer 12

X means N/S
The meaning of X is N/S
What X means is N/S

Question 13

Xだけ（でなく/じゃなく）、Yも

Answer 13

not only X, but also Y