L4

Question 1

毎~のように

Answer 1

Almost every ~

Question 2

Sと（考えられている/思われている）

Answer 2

S is a generally accepted opinion
考えられている：from logic
思われている：from intuition
**られている vs られる：られるindicates own opinion

Question 3

~など(は）/~なんて

Answer 3

Things like ~

Question 4

V-ます 合う

Answer 4

V with each other

Eg. 話し合う = talk with each other

Question 5

V-present ように

（XようにＹ）

Answer 5

X so that Y

X is something uncontrollable
Y indicates consequence

Question 6

あるN

Answer 6

A certain N

Question 7

1. S の ではないだろうか
2. S の ではないでしょうか
3. S ん ではないでしょうか
4. S ん じゃないかな

Answer 7

I think that~

1 & 2 used when writing
1 is more formal
3 & 4 used when speaking
4 is more casual

Question 8

V-ない ず(に）

Answer 8

Without V-ing/ instead of V-ing
Interchangeable with ないで

Eg. 試験はペンで書かずに、鉛筆を使ってください。
Please use a pencil instead of a pen for the exam.

Question 9

(そう/こう/ああ)いうN

Answer 9

This/that kind of N; such N

Question 10

Sと言える(だろう/でしょう）

Answer 10

It can probably be said that S

To assert own opinion without sounding offensive in formal occasions.

Question 11

XはY (という) ことなの (である/だ）

Answer 11

X is Y/ X means that Y

Question 12

~ん（だけど/ですが）

Answer 12

Used when want to

1. ask a question related to ~
2. make a request/extend an invitation related to ~
3. ask for opinion/advise related to ~

Question 13

それで

Answer 13

Because of that

Question 14

Question word + ~ + ても

Answer 14

No matter ~

Question 15

~ うちに

Answer 15

While ~ still
If ~ないうちに：before ~

Eg. 
熱うちに、どうぞ召し上がってください
Please eat while it's still hot.
熱くないうちに、犬の散歩をしてきた方がいいよ
It is better to take the dog for a walk before it gets hot.

Used when someone does something before a situation occurs.

Can be used with negative verbs.

Implies that it is not possible to do something after the time specified by ~.

Question 16

でき（れば/たら）

Answer 16

If possible/if you don’t mind

Question 17

~たばかり

Answer 17

Have just ~