Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin pharm 2 LEC UNO > L1: Allergic rhinitis > Flashcards

L1: Allergic rhinitis Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

this is the inflammation of the Nasal mucous membrane due to exposure to inhaled allergens

A

allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in allergic rhinitis, inhaled allergenic particles comes into contact to the mucous membranes which elicits a specific response mediated by ___ which causes the release of inflammatory mediators

A

immunoglobulin E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 2 types of allergic rhinitis?

A

seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
and
persistent allergic rhinitis (perennial rhinitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 parts of its pathophysiology

A

I. Sensitization to an allergen
II. Early phase response
III. Late phase response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

th2-type cytokines

A

IL 3, 4, 5, 9, 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

responsible for class switcging of B cells to produce IgE

A

IL 4, and IL 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

responsible for eosinophil recruitment, activation, and survival

A

IL 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IgE will bind to IgE receptors located in the —-(3) which sensitizes the cells

A

mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

patients who have high levels of these 2 means that they have an allergic reaction

A

high eosinophil count and IgE levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

onset and duration of early phase response

A

onset: within minutes

duration >1hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

early phase response involves the ____ of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils

A

degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

onset and duration of late phase response

A

onset: 4-8hrs
duration: 24hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

allergic rhinitis symptoms

A

clear rhinorrhea
Nasal congestion
Sneezing
postnasal drip
allergic conjuctivitis
pruritic eyes, ears, nose, and palate
tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occurs due to constant rubbing of the nose

A

transverse crease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

redness or blackeye around the eyes

A

allergic shiners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

10-40% prevalence

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

refers to mouth reathing and snoring

A

adenoidal breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is detected in microscopic examination of allergic rhinitis

A

eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

immediate-type hypersensitivity skin test wherein diluted allergen is pricked or scratched into the skin surface

A

percutaneous route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

immediate type hypersensitivity skin test wherein a small volume, 0.01 to 0.05mL, of diluted allergen is injected between the layers of skin

A

intradermal route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

positive reaction of allergy testing

A

wheal-and-flare reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in allergy testing ___ meds should be dc

A

antihistamine meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

first commonly used method for detecting IgE antivodies in the blood that are specific for a given allergen

A

Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

RAST measures the levels of _____ produced when your blood js mixed with a series of allergens in a laboratory

A

allergy antibody, or IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
maintain household humidity below __%
50%
26
competitively antagonists to histamine binding to H1 receptors, without acrivating them
H1 receptor antagonist
27
Anticholinergic properties of H1RA
dec Nasal, salivary, lacrimal gland hypersecretion
28
ROA of h1ra
po, ophthalmic, intranasal
29
CI of H1RA
urinary retention increase IOP hyperthyroidism CV disease
30
side effects of H1RA
sedation (older histamines) Drowsiness anticholinergic effects n&v loss of appetite epigastric distress
31
drug interaction of H1RA
cns depressant drugs (sedative drugs, alcohol)
32
when to take H1RA
- take approximately 1-2 hrs before anticipated exposure to allergen - take with meals or with full glass of water
33
34
can u use more than one antihistamine at a time? why?
no. can lead to tolerance
35
what is the appropriate drug therapy when tolerance to h1ra develops
change to an agent in a different chemical class
36
first gen Antihistamines are (3)
nonselective sedating more lipid soluble
37
swcond gen Antihistamines are (3)
peripherally selective nonsedating little or no cns effects
38
1st gen h1ra classes
alkylamine class ethanolamine phenothiazine piperidine
39
1st gen h1ra alkylamine class drugs
brompheniramine maleate chlorpheniramine maleate dexchlorpheniramine maleate
40
1st gen h1ra ethanolamjne class
carbinoxamine maleate clemastine fumarate diphenhydramine hydrochloride
41
1st gen h1ra phenothiazine class
promethazine hydrochloride
42
1st ge h1ra piperidine class
cyproheptadine hcl
43
antihistamine drug for those with insomnia but can cause constipation
diphenhydramine (benadryl)
44
2nd gen h1ra drug classes
phthalizinone class piperazine class piperidine class
45
2nd gen h1ra phthalizinone class
azelastine (Nasal only) bepotastine (ophthalmic only)
46
47
2nd gen h1ra piperazne class
cetirizine levocetirizine
48
2nd gen h1ra piperidine class
desloratadine fexofenadine loratadine olopatadine (Nasal only)
49
sympathomimetic agents thay act on adrenergic receptorsnin the Nasal mucosa causing vasoconstriction and improve ventilation
decongestants
50
decongestants that has little or no systemic absorption but with higher local effects
topical decongestants
51
sideffect of topical decongestants when used for more than 3 to 5 days
rhinitis medicamentosa or rebound vasodilation with congestion
52
short acting topical decongestant
phenylephrine hydrochloride (doa 4hrs)
53
intermediate acting topical decongestants
naphazoline hcl (doa 2-6hrs) tetrahydrozoline hcl
54
long acting topical decongestant
oxymetazoline hcl (doa 12hrs) xylometazoline hcl
55
pros of using systemic decongestants
lasts longer and has less irritation doesnt cause rhinitis medicamentosa
56
drug that replaced pseudoephedrine in many non prescription antihistamine decongestant combination
phenylephrine
57
side effects of systemic decongestants
mild cns stimulation stroke (higher doses)
58
contraindications of systemic decongestants
Hypertension (esp MAOIw)
59
excellent choice for treating perennial rhinitis and can be useful in seasonal rhinitis, especially if begun in advance symptoms
Nasal steroids
60
Nasal steroids are effective with minimal _____ effects
adverse
61
most effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
nasal steroids
62
nasal steroids reduce inflamm by:
reducing mediator release suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis reducing intracellular edema causing mild vasoconstriction inhibits cell-mediatws late-phase reaction
63
nasal steroids drugs
beclomethasone budesonide flunisonide fluticasone mometasone
64
CI of Nasal steroids
patients with Nasal septum ulcer with recent Nasal surgery or trauma
65
in using Nasal steroids, peak responses may not be observed for 2 to 3 weeks. when a response is achieved, the dosage may be (reduced or increased)
reduced
66
can u use Nasal steroids when u have congestion?
no. blocked Nasal passages should be cleared with a decongestant or saline irrigation before administration
67
in using Nasal steroids, avoid ____ or blowong their noses for at least ______ minutes after administration
sneezing 10 min
68
mast cells stavilizers are only used as?
prophylaxis
69
mast cells stabilizer drug
cromolyn sodium (Nasal spray)
70
prevents antigen-triggered mast cell degranulatjon and release of mediators of allergic reaction through blockade of calcium influx into the mast cells
mast cells stabilizer
71
can u use mast cell stabilizers when u have congestion
no. use decongestants first
72
dosing of cromolyn sodium to 2 yr old
1 spray in each nostril 3-4x at regular intervals
73
when should u use mast cell stabilizers in seasonal rhinitis
initiate just before the start if the offending allergens season and continue throughout the season
74
when should u use mast cell stabilizers for perennial rhinitis
di ko rin alam eh HAHA effects may not be seen for 2 to 3 weeks Antihistamines or decongestants may be needed during thisninitial phase of therapy
75
exhibits antisecretory properties when applied locally
anticholinergics
76
anticholinergics provides symptomatic relief of ___
rhinorrhea
77
ipratropium bromide dosing
2 sprays (42 mcg) 2-3x daily
78
montelukast inhibts what receptor whoch causes the prevention of the releasenof mediators from the mast cells
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
79
when should montelukast be administered if px has combined asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis
in the evening
80
Dose of montelukast for adults children 6-14 yo 2-5 yo
adults >15 yo: 10mg tab od 6-14 yo: 5mg chewable tab 2-5 yo: 4mg chewable tab or Oral granule packet od

Clin pharm 2 LEC UNO (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions