L4: GERD Flashcards
(101 cards)
2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF GERD
- SYMPTOM-BASED GERD
- TISSUE INJURY-BASED GERD
common symptoms of symptom based gerd
- heartburn
- regurgitation
- dysphagia
less common symptoms of herd
- odynophagia
- water brash
- belching
- bloating
- hypersalivation
unintentional spitting of
undigested food from the stomach into the mouth;
has a sour taste
regurgitation
composed of stomach acid +
saliva; cause of sour taste during regurgitatio
water brash
t or f: symptom nased gerd has esophagitis as a symptoms
f
tissue injury based gerd dapat
esophagitis in tissue injury based gerd may lead to complication if not managed such as:
- barretts esophagus
- strictures
- esophageal adenocarcinoma
lining of the
esophagus thickens and becomes red. It
makes it difficult to swallow, and makes
the patient more prone to GERD
barretts esophagus
narrowing of the esophagus.
Makes it more difficult for food to pass
from the esophagus to the stomach; also
makes it difficult to swallow.
strictures
type of
esophageal cancer wherein tumors may
form in the lining of the esophagus.
*Barret’s esophagus increases the risk of
developing this.
esophageal adenocarcinoma
Erosive esophagitis is higher in
men
High progesterone levels =
relaxation of
the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
____ pressure relaxes the LES
further.
Intra-abdominal
obesity
- intraabdominal pressure
- les pressure
- inc
- dec
reflux that does not result
in injury or GERD
Non-pathologic reflux
Muscosal protective mechanisms:
- Esophageal acid clearance
- Mucosal resistance
- Salivary buffering of acid
normally
in tonic or contracted state to prevent backflow. It
only relaxes during swallowing to allow passage
of food.
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
defective LES; It
relaxes or opens even without swallowing
Transient LES relaxation
it becomes
weak and cannot contract
Decreased resting tone of LES
less neutralization of
acid
decreased salivation
weak
peristaltic movement, increasing contact time of
refluxate to the esophagus..
Impaired esophageal clearance
overtime, the
protective barrier of the esophageal barrier is
destroyed
Impaired tissue resistance
from smoking and
high fat meals
Delayed Gastric Emptying –
Delayed gastric emptying → stomach fills
up → ___ intraabdominal pressure
→____ of LES
increased
relaxation
