L1 and 2 - Autonomic drugs Flashcards
What are the 2 main fibres of neurone?
pre and post ganglionic
what are the 2 main NT?
cholinergic and adrenergic
what 2 systems is the nervous system split into?
- central
2. peripheral
2 branches of peripheral NS
somatic and autonomic
which NS is the sympathetic and parasympathetic a part of ?
autonomic
4 conditions where autonomic drugs are used?
- angina
- asthma
- anaphylactic shock
- hypertension
what does the parasympathetic system do?
rest and digest
what does the sympathetic system do?
fight or flight
where do parasympathetic neurones synapse?
cranial and sacral
where do sympathetic neurones synapse?
thoracic, lumbar, sacral
what type of synapse are ALL pre-ganglionic synapses in the ANS?
Cholinergic
what is the difference between the post-ganglionic synapses in the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS?
para - Ach
symp - ACh and NE
describe the difference in synapses in the symp NS
sweat glands - Ach
Cardiac +smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals - NE
what synapses are the in somatic nervous system?
ACh
2 main types of autonomic receptors?
cholinoceptors
adrenoceptors
2 types of adrenoceptors
alpha and beta
2 types of cholinoceptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
what are the adrenoceptor alpha and beta subtypes?
a-1, a-2
b1 to b3
what are the cholinoceptor nicotinic subtypes?
muscle, ganglion and CNS
what are the cholinoceptor muscarinic subtypes?
M1 to M5
what type of receptors are in the heart for sympathetic stimulation?
B1
what type of receptors are in the heart for parasympathetic stimulation?
M2
which 2 tissues arterioles can both constrict and dialate (para and symp systems)?
erectile tissue and salivary glands
what type of transduction method is there in nicotinic receptors?
type 1 ionitropic
what type of transduction method is there in muscaranic receptors?
type 2 metabotropic
what does ionotropic mean?
ligand gated
what does metabotropic mean?
second messenger model
which is the only process which has an M1 parasympathetic receptr?
gastric acid secretion
which types of receptrs are present in the sympathetic system?
adrenonergic
which types of receptrs are present in the parasympathetic system?
cholinergic
what are the remaining organs parasympathetic receptors?
M3
what are all muscles sympathetic receptors?
b2
sympathetic receptor for BV arterioles; coronary, viscera, skin, brain, erectile tissue, salivary gland ?
a
sympathetic receptor for muscle arterioles and vein dilation?
b2
is there sympathetic stimulation for smooth muscle ? explain why
no - it is dilated by cirulating adrenaline
sympathetic receptor for smooth muscle which adrenaline acts on
b2
3 sympathetic receptor for smooth muscle GI tract
b2, a1, a2
2 sympathetic receptor for sphincters GI tract
b2, a2
what sympathetic receptor for uterine contraction for pregnant women?
a
what sympathetic receptor for uterine contraction for non-pregnant women?
b2
sympathetic receptor for bladder relaxation?
b2
sympathetic receptor for bladder sphincter contraction?
a1
which is the only process which uses b3 receptor - is this para or symapthetic?
adipose lipolysis - symp
sympathetic receptor for pupil dilation?
a
sympathetic receptor for ciliary eye muscle?
b
sympathetic receptor for sweat glands? why?
M3 - is it cholinergic
sympathetic receptor for piloerection in skin?
a
2 sympathetic receptor for salivary gland secretion?
a, b
sympathetic receptor for kidney renin secretion?
b1
sympathetic receptor for liver gluconeogeneis and glycogenolysis?
a, b2
6 types of cholinergic drugs
- muscarinic agonists
- muscarinic antagonists
- ganglion stimulating
- ganglion blocking
- neuro-muscular blockers
- anticholinesterases
what is another name for anticholinergic drugs?
muscarininc antagonsits
another name for muscarininc agonsits?
direct acting parasympatomimetic
4 naturally occuring muscarinic agonists
ACh
muscarine
arecoline
pilocarpine
2 clinically used muscarinic agonists
pilocarpine
betanechol
5 peripheral effects of muscarinic agonists
- exocrine secretion
- contraction of SM
- relaxation of sphincters
- eye; miosis (pupil constricion) + contraction of ciliary mucsle
- fall in arterial BP
what are pilocarpine drops useful in treating? explain how
glaucoma - allows fluid to drain out
equation for BP
BP = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
2 CV effects of muscarinic agonists
- reduction in cardiac output
2. vasodilation
how do muscarinic antagonists work?
inhibiting responses of ACh
3 types of muscarinic antagonists
- non-selective receptor
- M1 selective
- M3 selective
example of non-selective muscarinic antagonists
atropine
example of M1 receptor muscarinic antagonists and use
pirenezipine - peptic ulcer
example of M3 receptor muscarinic antagonists and use
darifenacin - urinary incontinence