L6. Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

3 things which can induce a seizure

A

head injury
fever
low BG

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2
Q

sxs vary on 2 factors

A
  1. site of brain where seizure is

2. areas where seizure moves to

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3
Q

3 types of seizure - dependin on site in brain

A
  1. focal onset
  2. generalised onset
  3. unknown onset
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4
Q

4 types of generalised onset

A
  1. myoclonic
  2. tonic
  3. clonic
  4. atonic
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5
Q

2 types of seizure - dependent on level of consiousness

A
  1. focal aware

2. focal impaired awareess

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6
Q

seizure which strarts in one hemisphere of brain

A

focal onset

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7
Q

seizure which strarts in both hemisphere of brain

A

generalised onset

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8
Q

which seizure - consciousness impaired

A

focal impaired awareness

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9
Q

in terms of all generalised seizures - what level of consoucness do they have

A

focal impaired awareness

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10
Q

which seizure type of preceded by unpleasant taste smell

A

focal aware

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11
Q

which type of seizure results in lip smaking, tearing of clothing

A

focal impaired aware

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12
Q

what can focal seizures develop into if they spread throughout the brian

A

bilateral tonic-clonic seizures

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13
Q

which is the most common type of seizure

A

tonic clonic

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14
Q

3 characteristics of tonic clonic seizures

A
  1. sudden loss of consciousness
  2. muscle ridigity
  3. jerking of limbs
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15
Q

which type of seizure is most common inc hildren

A

absence

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16
Q

what is a myoclonic seizure

A

brief muscle contractions

17
Q

what is a tonic seizure

A

muscle contraction/ridigity

18
Q

what is a clonic seizure

A

rhythmic contractions

19
Q

what is an atonic seizure

A

drop attacks - muscle relaxation

20
Q

what is SUDEP

A

sudden unexpected death in epilsepy

21
Q

4 other neurological sxs - differential diagnosis

A
  1. hypoglycaemia
  2. syncope
  3. psuedoseizures
  4. tranient ischaemia attacks
22
Q

type of test to diagnose

A

EEG

23
Q

2 tests to identigy underlying causes

A

MRI CT

24
Q

3 non-pharmacological treatments

A
  1. surgery
  2. vagus nerve stimulation
  3. ketogenic diet
25
Q

when is surgery done?

A

focal epilsepy

26
Q

example of long established anti-epileptic drug

A

carbamazepine

27
Q

3 example of newer anti-epileptic drug

A

Gabapentin
pregabalin
Vigabatrin

28
Q

1st choice of drug for tonic, clonic, absence, myoclonic seizure

A

sodium valproate

29
Q

1st choice if drug for partial/focal seizyre

A

lamotrignine

30
Q

drug interaction with AED

A

hepatic inhibitors

31
Q

can pregnanct women who take AED breastfeed?

A

yes

32
Q

should pregant women taking AED continue with their medication

A

yes

33
Q

mechanism of action for gabapentin

A

acts on Ca2+ channels - inhibtis release of NT