L1 : ATP & Coupled Reaction Process

Question 1

___ is essential to life. All living things must be able to produce __, store __ for future use, and use __ to carry out life processes. In everyday life, __ is important because it can be used to do work such as eating, walking, running, talking, and thinking or simply turning the pages of this learning material.

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

Some cellular activities that require energy are (3)____

Answer 2

active transport, protein synthesis, and cell division.

Question 3

Energy can exist or be stored in many forms such as (4)__

Answer 3

light, heat, electricity, and chemical bonds in chemical compounds

Question 4

a process of breaking down a chemical compound that involves splitting a bond and adding the elements of water to the resulting molecular fragments.

Answer 4

Hydrolysis

Question 5

is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Answer 5

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Question 6

The structure of ATP is a ______, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.

Answer 6

nucleoside triphosphate

Question 7

The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a (3)_____

Answer 7

nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.

Question 8

the premier energy molecule in living cells

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates

Answer 9

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

Question 10

is also used to help activate platelets in clotting.

Answer 10

ADP

Question 11

Its most important role is that it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP, the premier energy molecule in living cells

Answer 11

ADP

Question 12

an organic molecule used for short-term energy storage and transport in the cell

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

ATP is composed of three parts:

Answer 13

(1) a nitrogenous base (adenine), a sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups (triphosphate)

Question 14

Ribose is a

Answer 14

5-carbon sugar

Question 15

3 Triphosphate chain in ATP structure

Answer 15

Alpha phosphate group
Beta phosphate group
Gamma phosphate. group

Question 16

Ano tawag don sa red line na nagcoconnect don sa triphosphate chain

Answer 16

Phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 17

The three phosphate groups in an ATP molecule are ________ . Recall that molecules having the same charge will tend to repel from each other. Thus, this means that the three phosphate groups are in an _____ arrangement

Answer 17

negatively charged.
unstable

Question 18

A bond between them (ung sa 3 phosphate groups) is broken through ______(water-mediated breakdown) reaction releasing energy. The remaining free phosphate group and low-energy molecule is called ________

Answer 18

hydrolysis.
adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

Question 19

Pi stands for an _____

Answer 19

inorganic phosphate group

Question 20

ATP is hydrolyzed in

Answer 20

ATP + H2O ->or<- ADP + Pi + energy

Question 21

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is _____. ATP and ADP are like charged and uncharged forms of a rechargeable battery.

Answer 21

reversible

Question 22

ATP is ___ battery whilst ADP is ___ battery (analogy)

Answer 22

Charged
Uncharged/dead

Question 23

______ reaction is the reverse of hydrolysis reaction:

Answer 23

ATP regeneration

energy + ADP+Pi 😆 ATP + H2O

Question 24

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is reversible. ATP and ADP are like charged and uncharged forms of a rechargeable battery. ATP (charged battery) has energy that can be used to power cellular processes or reactions. Once the energy is used up, ADP (uncharged battery/dead battery) needs to be recharged in order to be used as a power source. ATP regeneration reaction is the reverse of hydrolysis reaction:

energy + ADP+Pi 😆 ATP + H2O

Answer 24

ATP - ADP Cycle

Question 25

ADP to ATP (3)

Answer 25

energy required ATP synthase condensation reaction

Question 26

ATP to ADP

Answer 26

energy released ATP hydrolase hydrolysis reaction

Question 27

Two things to remember in ATP - ADP CYCLE

Answer 27

• When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed. • When ADP binds with another phosphate group, energy is stored and ATP is formed.

Question 28

How is the energy released by ATP hydrolysis used to power cells to carry out useful functions?

Answer 28

The hydrolysis of ATP not only results to a release of energy but also would simply result in organisms' overheating because the dissipation of energy would excite nearby molecules, resulting in heat or thermal energy. Energy in a cell needs to be linked to other processes in order to be useful

Question 29

is the transfer of energy from one chemical reaction to another.

Answer 29

Energy coupling

Question 30

An ________ (exergonic, e.g., ATP hydrolysis) is directly linked with an ________ (endergonic, e.g., ATP regeneration)

Answer 30

energetically favorable reaction. energetically unfavorable reaction

Question 31

Through _____, the cell can perform nearly all of the tasks it needs to function.

Answer 31

energy coupling

Question 32

Chemical reactions can be classified as either _____ (___) or ____ (____)

Answer 32

exergonic : energy outward endergonic : energy inward

Question 33

Chemical reactions in energy coupling ? (2)

Answer 33

Exergonic reaction and endergonic reaction

Question 34

• ____ - proceeds with a net release of free energy • ____ - one that absorbs free energy from its surroundings

Answer 34

Exergonic reaction Endergonic reaction

Question 35

exergonic, energy-releasing processes

Answer 35

Energy from catabolism ADP TO ATP

Question 36

endergonic, energy-consuming processes

Answer 36

Energy from cellular work ATP TO ADP

Question 37

One example of energy coupling involving ATP is the formation of sucrose (table sugar) from glucose and fructose. In the uncoupled reaction, glucose and fructose combine to form sucrose. In the coupled reaction, there are two reactions that take place: 1. A phosphate group is transferred from ATP to glucose, forming a _________ (_____). This is an energetically favorable reaction or exergonic reaction. 2. The glucose-P intermediate reacts with fructose to form sucrose. Because glucose-P is relatively unstable, this reaction also releases energy and is spontaneous.

Answer 37

phosphorylated glucose intermediate. (glucose-P)