L1: Histoty

Question 2

Etiology of Renal Pain

Answer 2

Caused by acute distention of the renal capsule.

Question 3

Nerves Carrying Renal Pain

Answer 3

Sympathetic nerves convey the pains from the kidney (T10-L1).

Question 4

Characters of Renal Pain

Answer 4

Dull aching pain or Renal colic.

Question 5

Site & referal of Renal Pain

Answer 5

• Origin: Costo-vertebral angle or loin.
• Radiation: Umbilicus, lower abdominal quadrant & testis.

Question 6

Renal Pain may be associated with …..

Answer 6

Question 7

Relation of Renal Pain to posture & eating

Answer 7

Question 8

Upper third Ureteric Pain

Answer 8

Question 9

Mid Third Ureteric Pain

Answer 9

Question 10

Lower Third Ureteric Pain

Answer 10

Question 11

Rolling Sign

Answer 11

Characterstic to Ureteric Colic

Question 12

Etiology of Bladder Pain

Answer 12

• Most common cause: Acute Urine Retention (AUR).
• Other causes: Inflammation, Tumors, Trauma, Neuropathic & Myogenic disorder.

Question 13

Criteria of pain due to full bladder:

Answer 13

• Constant Suprapubic pain related to act of micturition, terminal dysuria.
• Referred to distal urethra.

Question 14

Criteria of pain due to AUR

Answer 14

• Suprapubic severe agonizing, bursting pain.
• Sudden inability to urinate in spite of desire to do so.
• The bladder is full and over-distended.

Question 15

Criteria of pain due to CUR

Answer 15

• Painless (i.e. just Suprapubic discomfort).
• Dribbling with overflow incontinence.

Question 16

Symptoms Related to the act of Micturation

Answer 16

• Obstructive voiding symptoms (Voiding LUTS)
• Irritative Voiding Symptoms (Storage LUTS)

Question 17

What is another name of Obstructive voiding symptoms?

Answer 17

Voiding LUTS

Question 18

Examples of Obstructive voiding symptoms (Voiding LUTS)

Answer 18

Question 19

Examples of Irritative Voiding Symptoms (Storage LUTS)

Answer 19

Question 20

Types of Incontinence

Answer 20

Question 21

Physical Characters of Urine

Answer 21

• Volume
• Color
• Odor
• Aspect
• Nature

Question 22

Normal Volume of Urine

Answer 22

0.5-1ml/hr?/kg

Question 23

Abnormal Volume of Urine

Answer 23

Question 24

Normal Color of Urine

Answer 24

Amber yellow

Question 25

Abnormal Color of Urine

Answer 25

Question 26

Patient Position in **DRE**

Answer 26

1) Dorsal position. 2) Lithotomy position. 3) Left lateral position. 4) Elbow chest position. 5) Standing and leaning forward.

Question 27

Insperction in **DRE**

Question 28

Anal Canal Examination in **DRE**

Answer 28

Question 29

Finger introduction in **DRE**

Answer 29

Question 30

Prostate Zone Examination in **DRE**

Answer 30

Question 31

Supra-Prostatic Zone Examination in **DRE**

Question 32

Bi-manual Examination in **DRE**

Answer 32

- Best under anaesthesia - For: bladder tumor staging.

Question 33

Bi-Digital Examination in **DRE**

Answer 33

- Index in anus and thumb in perineum. - For: Cowper's gland infection (acute, chronic). Fistula: whip-cord induration.

Question 34

Final Steps in **DRE**

Answer 34

- Finger inspection: Mucous, blood. - Cleaning, - Say thanks to patient.