L1 - Integumentary System - Articulate H Flashcards

(81 cards)

1
Q

What are the two major components of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Skin

2. Epidermal Derivatives

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2
Q

What 4 things make up the epidermal derivatives?

A
  1. Hair follicles
  2. Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
  3. Sebaceous (oil) glands
  4. Nails
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3
Q

What are the 6 listed major functions of the skin?

A
  1. Protective
  2. Immunologic
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Sensory
  5. Endocrine
  6. Exocrine
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4
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of fighting against mechanical forces, chemicals, and biological agents?

A

Protective role of skin

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5
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of providing antigen preventing cells?

A

Immunologic role of skin

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6
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of regulating body temperature and water loss?

A

Homeostatic role of the skin

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7
Q

Which function of skin fits the role of taking signals from the external environment to the CNS?

A

Sensory role of the skin

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8
Q

Which functions of skin fits the role of using secretion of molecules and the excretion of substances?

A

Endocrine and exocrine roles of the skin

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9
Q

The two principal layers of the skin are?

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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10
Q
  1. Which principal layer of the skin is the most superficial?
  2. Which principle layer of skin is the most deep?
A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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11
Q

What layer lies deep to the dermis?

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer or fascia)

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12
Q

What type of tissue layer is the epidermis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q
  1. What is the epidermis embryologically derived from?

2. What is the Dermis embryologically derived from?

A
  1. Ectoderm

2. Mesoderm

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14
Q

Which layer of skin acts as a connective tissue?

A

Dermis

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15
Q

Which layer of skin consists of adipose tissue?

A

Hypodermis

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16
Q
  1. Which layer of skin is Highly vascularized?
  2. Which layer of skin is vascularized?
  3. Which layer of skin is avascular?
A
  1. Dermis
  2. Hypodermis
  3. Epidermis
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17
Q

What are the two regions of the body we would find thicker layers of skin?

A
  1. The palms of the hands

2. The soles of the feet

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18
Q

Skin that doesn’t normally grow hair and undergoes the most abrasions known as thick or thin skin?

A

Thick

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19
Q

What regions of the body would you find thin layers of skin?

A

Everywhere except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

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20
Q

Areas that may contain hair are found typically in ____ skin regions.

A

Thin

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21
Q

Speaking in gross anatomical terms where would we find the thickest layer of skin?

A

On the upper portion of the back because of the thick dermis (the epidermis is still however only 4 layers thick)

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22
Q
  1. How many layers or strata in thin epidermal skin?

2. How many layers or strata in thick epidermal skin?

A
  1. 4 layers

2. 5 layers

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23
Q

What are the 4 or 5 layers of skin from deep to superficial?

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. (Thin) Stratum Corneum
  5. (Thick) Stratum Lucidum
  6. (Thick) Stratum Corneum
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24
Q
  1. Which of the epidermal layers gives rise to mitotically active stem cells?
A

Stratum Basale

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25
What are the 4 types of cells found within the epidermis?
1. Keratinocytes 2. Melanocytes 3. Langerhan's Cells 4. Merkel's Cells
26
1. Keratinocytes make up what percent of the cells of the epidermis? 2. What are the 2 major functions?
1. 85% | 2. Produce keratins and participate in forming a water barrier
27
What percent of epidermal cells are melanocytes and what do they do?
1. 5% | 2. Pigment producing cells
28
What are the antigen-presenting cells called? what percentage of the epidermis are they?
1. Langerhan's cells | 2. 2-5%
29
What cells act as mechanoreceptors associated with sensory and nerve endings? What percent of epidermal cells do they make up?
1. Merkel's Cells | 2. 6-10%
30
What is the considered the principle cell type of the epidermis?
Keratinocyte
31
What are the two major functions of Keratinocytes?
1. They produce keratin which make up keratin filaments which make up intermediate filaments 2. They participate in formation of water barriers using lamellar bodies
32
What are the tubular / ovoid shaped membrane-bound organelles which are lipid- containing?
Lamellar bodies
33
Which epidermal layer is a single layer of basophilic cells that are cuboidal / low columnar?
Stratum Basale
34
Which epidermal layer is mitotically active, contains stem cells, and gives rise to keratinocytes to start the formation of intermediate filaments)
Stratum Basale
35
1. Which epidermal layer is several layers thick with pointy keratinocytes that continue the formation of intermediate filaments? 2. These cell processes also attach to adjacent cells via _______
1. Stratum Spinosum | 2. Desmosomes (macula adherans)
36
Keratohyalin granules turn tonofillaments (intermediate fillaments) into what?
Into tonofibrils or intermediate fibrils
37
Which epidermal layer is comprised of 1-3 layers with basophilic keratohalin granules? This layer also release lamellar bodies.
Stratum Granulosum
38
During keratinization _____ cells are converted into _______ cells?
Granular cells ---> Cornified cells
39
What layer of epidermis is eosinophilic and slightly translucent due to the nucleus being disrupted and disappearing.
Stratum Lucidum
40
Which layer of epidermis is comprised of cells with no nuclei, these cells are comprised of 85% keratin
Stratum Corneum
41
Melanin is produced where and stored where?
Produce in melanocytes and stored in melanosomes
42
Melanocytes have round bodies and long processes that extend from stratum _____ to stratum ______ between keratinocytes.
Stratum basale --> stratum spinous
43
Melanin containing melanocytes are transferred to adjacent _______.
Keratinocytes
44
What acts to protect the DNA from UVU radiation?
Melanin
45
______ possess elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm?
Melanocytes
46
____ Cells are the antigen-presenting cells that are found within the stratum _______.
Langerhan's cells, stratum spinosum
47
Langerhan's cells are derived where?
Bone marrow
48
_____ Cells are mechanoreceptor cells that are located within the stratum ______
Merkel's cells, stratum basale
49
A nuron and a Merkel cell that have joined together are called what? This picks up fine touch.
Merkel's corpuscle
50
There are __ types of skin cancer, what are their names?
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma 2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma 3. Malignant Melanoma
51
What cancerous cell is the most common, resembles stratum basal, and is slow growing?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
52
What cancerous cell type is the second most common, highly atypical, and found in all levels of the epidermis?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
53
What cancerous cell type is the most serious form, originates from melanocytes, and is present in irregularly pigments?
Malignant Melanoma
54
The dermis has ___ layers what are they?
1. Papillary layer | 2. Reticular layer
55
What layer of the dermis is loose connective tissue with fingerlike protrusions that delve into the epidermis?
Papillary layer
56
What layer of dermis is the dense irregular connective tissue that is thick and has few cells?
Reticular layer
57
In the dermis and hypodermic we find large ovoid structures that have myelinated nerve endings surrounded by concentric lamellae. What are they called?
Pacinian corpuscles
58
In the core of pacinian corpuscles we find what kind of cells and what are they surrounding?
Flattened Schwann cells surrounding unmyelinated axons.
59
_____ _____ detect pressure and vibrations on the skins surface?
Pacinian corpuscles
60
These tapered cylindrical structures that detect light touch are called?
Meissner's corpuscles
61
______ ______ are located in dermal papillae of hairless skin such as fingertips and lips.
Meissner's corpuscles
62
Epidermal skin appendages include what 4 things in the skins surface?
1. Hair and hair follicles 2. Eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands 3. Apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands 4. sebaceous (oil) glands
63
Hair is found in what type of skin layer? Thick or thin? where else would you NOT find hair?
Thin, you would not find it on lips, or around the urogenital orifice's.
64
Hair is made of what?
keratinized structures that project from hair follicles
65
What muscle causes the hair to stand up or lay down (goosebumps) What kind of muscle is it?
Arrector pili muscle, smooth muscle
66
_____ are widely distributed, simple tubular, merocrine secreting, thermoregulating, and waste/salt secreting glands.
Eccrine Sweat (sudoriferous)
67
The secretory portion of the eccrine sweat gland is found where?
Deep in the dermis or in the upper portion of the hypodermis
68
Characteristics of the secretory portions of eccrine sweat glands.
2 layers of large cells that appear lighter in the dermis
69
Characteristics of the duct portion of eccrine sweat glands.
2 layers of small cuboidal cells that appear darker in the dermis near the epidermis
70
____ sweat glands have products that are secreted into hair follicles? These arise when you hit puberty, and have very wide lumens.
Apocrine sweat glands
71
Characteristics of the secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands
Very wide lumen, simple cuboidal, upper part of hypodermis
72
Characteristics of the duct portion of the apocrine sweat glands
Stratified cuboidal, narrow lumen, empties into follicle (not surface)
73
Which glands are found through most of the body?
Eccrine
74
Which glands are found near groin, areolae, beard, face, and genitalia?
Apocrine
75
Which gland's secretory portion is located in the deep dermis and duct portion is located at the surface of the epithelium?
Eccrine
76
Which gland's secretory portion is located in the hypodermis and duct portion is located at hair follicles?
Apocrine
77
Which glands regulate body temperature and which glands are stimulated during emotional stress or sexual excitement?
Eccrine - Temp | Apocrine - stress and sex
78
Which glands are found every where except thick skin, branch acinar glands, and have Holocrine secretion?
Sebaceous (oil) glands
79
Which glands secrete into hair follicles, play a role in acne, and secrete a liquid lipid substance?
Sebaceous (oil) glands
80
Which glands secrete Sebum?
Sebaceous (oil) glands
81
Nails are made up of what kind of cells?
Keratinized cells that rest on nail beds