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My Anatomy Unit 3 Histo > L2 - Bone Histology - Articulate H > Flashcards

L2 - Bone Histology - Articulate H Flashcards

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1
Q

Connective tissues are composed of two general things, what are they?

A
  1. Cells

2. Extracellular matrix (ECM)

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2
Q

Extracellular matrix has two major components, what are they?

A
  1. Proteins

2. Ground substance

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3
Q

The proteins in ECM are composed of what three things?

A
  1. Collagen fibers
  2. Reticular fibers
  3. Elastic fibers
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4
Q

The ground substance in ECM are composed of what three things?

A
  1. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Multiadhesive glycoproteins
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5
Q

What cells give rise to osteoblasts?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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6
Q

What cells give rise to Hematopoietic stem cells?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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7
Q

What cells give rise to osteoclasts?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

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8
Q

What are the 5 listed major functions of bones?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Mechanical basis for movement
  4. Storage
  5. Blood cell formation
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9
Q

What are the 5 different shapes of bones?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
  5. Sesamoid
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10
Q

____ bones are found in all extremities except the patella, carpels, and tarsals.

A

Long bones

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11
Q

____ bones are found in the carpals and tarsals.

A

Short bones

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12
Q

____ bones are found in the sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most of the skull

A

Flat bones

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13
Q

____ bones are found in the vertebrae and os coxae?

A

Irregular bones

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14
Q

____ bones are found in the hands, knee, and feet as a bone that forms in a tendon.

A

Sesamoid bones

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15
Q

What are the two gross observations of bone tissues?

A
  1. They can be compact (cortical) bone

2. They can be spongy (cancellous)(trabecular) bone

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16
Q

Under a microscope do the histological structures of compact or spongy bone differ?

A

NO

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17
Q

What is the formal name for the shaft of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

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18
Q

The diaphysis has what kind of outer shell and inner core?

A

Outer - compact

Inner - medullary (red or yellow bone marrow)

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19
Q

As humans age what happens to the red bone marrow found in long bones?

A

It is converted over to yellow bone marrow

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20
Q

What is the formal name for the bones ends?

A

Epiphysis

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21
Q

The epiphysis has what type of shell and what type of core?

A

Outer - compact

Inner - spongy

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22
Q

What can be found between the spicules of the spongy bone at the epiphysis?

A

red or yellow bone marrow

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23
Q

What is the formal name of the flared portion of bone found between diaphysis and epiphysis?

A

Metaphysis

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24
Q

The metaphysis extends from what to what?

A

Extends from diaphysis to the epiphyseal line.

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25
What is found between the metaphysis and the epiphysis?
The epiphyseal line (plate)
26
When will you find an epiphyseal plate
In individuals that are still growing
27
What happens to the epiphyseal plate as we get older?
It is filled with bone as we stop growing and becomes the epiphyseal line
28
What is the name of the external double membrane covering of bones?
Periosteum
29
The periosteum has two layers what are they and what do they contain?
1. The outer fibrous layer has dense irregular connective tissue. 2. The inner osteogenic layer consisting of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteogenic cells.
30
How does the periosteum anchor to the underlying bone?
Through collagen fibers termed perforating (Sharpey's) fibers.
31
What is the name of the membrane that covers the internal surfaces of the bone?
Endosteum
32
What covers the articulating surfaces or joint surfaces of the bone?
Articular cartilage
33
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
34
What fibers create a strong anchor for the periosteum to attach to the bone?
Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
35
What do the long bones have that the short, irregular, and sesamoid bones not have?
Diaphyses, meaphyses, epiphyses, marrow cavities.
36
What are the layers of the short, irregular, and sesamoid bones? Is there marrow?
``` Inner - Spongy bone Inner covering - Endosteum Outer - Compact bone Outer shell - Periosteum - Yes there can be red or yellow marrow ```
37
Bone tissues have two major components, what are they?
1. Cells | 2. Extracellular matrix
38
What are the 4 components of bone cells?
1. Osteogenic cells 2. Osteoblasts 3. Osteocytes 4. Osteoclasts
39
What are the two components of bone ECM? what are they composed of?
1. Organic (Osteoids) - Type I collagen and bone matrix proteins 2. Inorganic - Hydroxyapatite
40
Order from osteogenic cell --> osteocyte in production?
Osteogenic cell --> Osteoblast --> Osteocyte
41
Osteogenic cells divide by ____ to give rise to osteoblasts?
Mitosis
42
_____ are responsible for synthesis and secretion of the organic component in bone matrix (osteoid). They also signal for the calcification of bone
Osteoblasts
43
_____ are located on the surface of bone matrix, they look basophilic and cuboidal.
Osteoblasts
44
_____ secrete so much matrix they get stuck there and turn into _____
osteocytes
45
_____ sit in lacuna, they live many years, and extend long cytoplasmic extensions in tunnels called canaliculi
Osteocytes
46
____ have reduced rough ER and Golgi complexes
Osteocytes
47
____ sit in pits called resorption bays and have a ruffled boarder
Osteoclasts
48
____ are formed from many monocytes and thus they are multi-nucleated
Osteoclasts
49
____ dissolve bone matrix by secreting enzymes and hydrogen ions creating an acidic environment.
Osteoclasts
50
Which of the 4 bone cells has a different pathway than arising from mesenchymal stem cells?
Osteoclasts - they arise from hematopoietic stem cells
51
Which cells are cuboidal looking with a basophilic cytoplasm? They actively secrete matrix
Osteoblasts
52
Large multi-nucleated motile cells removing newly deposited bone are called?
osteoclasts
53
Which cell has a halo surrounding the cell? This cell is responsible for maintaining the matrix.
Osteocyte
54
A stripe of material coming off of an osteoblast in an H&E staining would be considered what?
Osteoid
55
What does osteoblast secrete that secrete a small amount of vitamin K dependent polypeptide?
Osteoclasin
56
What are the small tunnels called that project off of an osteocyte?
Canaliculi
57
What is the important role of canaliculi?
This is the passageway for osteocytes, nutrients and waste products are sent through the cytoplasmic processes.
58
What are the two types of bone found under a microscope?
1. Primary bone (woven or immature bone) | 2. Secondary bone (lamellar or mature bone)
59
Which type of bone develops in fracture repair and in embryonic development by collagen fibers laid down in random arrangement?
Primary bone
60
Which bone type has lower mineral content and high amounts of osteocytes and is only temporary?
Primary bone
61
Which type of bone is very organized with collagen fibers laid parallel around a canal?
Secondary bone
62
Which bone type has concentric circles?
Secondary bone
63
When looking at a slide of a fractured bone what portions will be secondary and which portions will be primary?
The organized lamellar bone is secondary, the sporadic bone is primary
64
What type of tissue are both spongy (cancellous) bone and compact bone made from? primary or secondary?
Secondary
65
What gives structural organization to compact bone? Looking for one name.
Osteons (Haversian system)
66
What is at the center of an osteon and how is the osteon built out from there?
Central or Haversian canals surrounded by repeating concentric lamellar rings, each ring has opposing collagen fibers for strength.
67
How many concentric lamella generally make up 1 osteon?
4-10
68
What part of the osteon communicates with the marrow cavity and the periosteum through transverse (oblique) canals?
Central canals
69
The portion of the bone not associated with osteons but connecting to the periosteum is called what?
Outer circumferential lamella
70
The portion of bone between concentric rings that is not associated with the osteon is called?
Interstitial lamella
71
The portion of the bone not associated with osteons but connecting to the endosteum is called what?
Inner circumferential lamella
72
Is decalcified bone basophilic or acidophilic (eosinophilic)?
Acidophilic or eosinophilic
73
Perforating canals (volksman canals) allow the central canal to do what?
Communicate with the marrow cavity
74
Can you state the steps of developing new osteons?
1. Osteoclasts tunnel 2. Osteoprogenitor cells and blood capillaries 3. Osteoblasts line the tunnel 4. Osteoblasts --> Osteocytes fill in everything around the central blood vessel
75
Spongy bone DOES NOT contain what?
Osteons
76
Trabeculae surround what space?
Red marrow space

My Anatomy Unit 3 Histo (4 decks)

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