L1- Intro to CVRS-DONE Flashcards
(50 cards)
Where do we get energy from ?
-Energy required for life comes from food and this must be oxidised to release energy stored in it through cellular/internal respiration
- For every glucose molecule, you need 6 molecules of O2 to break it. And in the mitochondria you get 6 CO2 & 6 H2O to get ATP.
What is the function of the CV system and the RP system together?
Make sure we get enough O2 to where we need it and when we need it in the amounts that we need, in order to meet the metabolic demand.
Also to get rid of the CO2 to prevent pH changes.
Define Metabolic demand
How different tissues require different amounts oxygen.
-Heart & Brain uses ALOT of O2 whereas the skin uses not so much.
Why do we need specialised CV and RP system?
Bc O2 cannot diffuse over the skin, Diffusion is only effective over short distances ie:-alveoli and capillaries.
How do we diffuse around large amounts of O2 & CO2 around the body?
Bulk flow
Define Bulk flow
Both CV & RP systems use highly efficient convective bulk flow system(ventilatory and circulatory systems) for long-distance transport of gases and liquid.
What are the functions of the Cardiovascular system
- Pump with tubes to transport O2 to all cells, maintaining O2 to the brain and CO2 out of the tissues.
- Absorption of nutrients & water and transport them to where they are needed, where they can be broken down and oxidised.
- All metabolic waste to go through the kidneys -CVRS is a vascular organ in this function.
- Blood vessels in the skin are the main thermoregulators. Helps regulate the body temperature at rest.
-Y2 -> metabolic processing with liver, immune cells, antibodies, hormones are all transported by the CV system.
Describe the arrangement of the heart
- 2 separate pumps, connected by a septum
- work similarly but they are different themselves.
Define pulmonary circulation(PC)
-PC is found between the RV and the LA.
-Pulmonary = Lungs
O2 is picked up between the RV and LA via PC.
Define systemic circulation(SC)
-SC is found between the LV and RA.
-SC is everything except the lungs.
-Blood is transported from LV back into the RA via SC using venous system.
Explain the cardiac cycle in simple terms
- Blood returns in the venous system back to the RA, through the RV, out in the pulmonary artery and into the lungs[pulmonary circulation]
- Oxygenated blood comes out of the lungs in the pulmonary vein, into the LA, through the LV, out of the aorta and back into the arteriole system[which is the systemic circulation]
This is all a CLOSED SYSTEM - no blood loss
Explain the functions of different arteries found in the CV system
- Aorta > carries blood away from the heart into the systemic circulation
- Muscular arteries >carry oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation
- Elastic arteries >carry oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation
- Pulmonary artery > takes deoxygenated blood away from the right side of the heart into the lungs(PC).
Both arteries and veins carry blood that’s purely anatomical.
Where does the vast majority of the Cardiac output goes through? from the right ventricle?and TO where? important formula for this???
Through the lungs, INTO the left side of the heart.
Output of RV into pulmonary circulation = Output of LV into systemic circulation
Define series in CV system
Both left and right sides of the heart in series with each other. (goes through one and then goes through the other next>after each other).
What can you say about the output of the RV and the output of the LV? and what does it mean?
Output of RV into pulmonary circulation = Output of LV into systemic circulation. Otherwise some blood is left in the lungs or in the systemic circulation.
Define Vascular beds and what is it’s arrangement.
Its the cardiovascular bit of an organ. vascular beds and organs are in parallel arrangement.
why vascular beds are important?
All organs and beds get blood with same level of oxygenation(13kPa). This prevents changes in blood flow in one organ affecting flow in other organs.
What is the relationship of flow with pressure gradient and resistance? Hence the equation is…?
Flow is directly proportional to pressure gradient. and Flow is inversely proportional to resistance.
Flow = pressure gradient / resistance.
How does the flow relate in terms of pressure in the heart?
In order for blood to flow through the systemic blood vessels at a rate that ensures metabolic demand( oxygen consumption) can be met, considerable pressure has to be applied to the blood.
What does pressure always relate to?
Relates to atmospheric pressure.
Example if somebody’s blood pressure is 90mmHg, its 90mm of Hg more than the room. If its 0mmHg, it means that its same as the room.
Why do we bleed when we get a cut?
Bc the pressure in the vessels is greater than the pressure in the room.
Pressure is higher in arteries or veins? and why?
Arteries bc
What is the direction of blood flow and why ?
Blood flow is unidirectional due to one-way valves.
Define Systole
A phase of contraction and ejection of ventricles
