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102 - Theme 1 > L1 Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

L1 Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Coronal movement

A

posterior/anteror and Dorsal (back)/ventral (tummy)

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2
Q

Sagittal movement

A

Medial/Lateral

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3
Q

Transverse movement

A

Superior/Inferior and Caudal/Cranial

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4
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

Angle of joint decreases (moves in sagittal plane)

Angle of joint increases (moves in sagittal plane)

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5
Q

Abduction/Adduction

A

Away from midline (moves in coronal plane)

Towards the midline (moves in coronal plane)

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6
Q

Medial Rotation

A

Rotation of joint towards midline

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7
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotation of joint away from midline

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8
Q

Pronation/supernation

A

only in relations to arms (sup = up)

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9
Q

True Rib

A

Rib - Costal Cartilage - Sternum 1-7

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10
Q

False Rib

A

8-12

11/12 are floating

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11
Q

Thoracic cage description

A

Irregularly shaped osseocartilaginous cylinder -> convex formed by sternum, ribs and costal cartilage

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12
Q

Thoracic cage made out of

A

Vertebrae and Intervertebral disc
Ribs
Sternum
Costal Cartilages

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13
Q

Thoracic cage function

A

Protection of viscera
Muscle attachment
Relations: Pectoral girdle (Clavicle/Scapula)

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14
Q

Thoracic cage boundaries

A

Roof: Pleural membrane over apex of lungs
Floor: Diaphragm
Walls: Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae and intercostal muscles

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15
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Consists of body of vertebra TI posteriorly, medial margin of rib I on each side, manubrium anteriorly

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16
Q

Superior margin of manubrium is

A

same horizontal plane as intervertebral disc between vertebrae TII and TIII

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17
Q

Features of a typical vertebra

A

Heart-shaped vertebral body -> equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process

Vertebral foramen is circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below
- Superior articular processes are flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly
- Inferior articular processes project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly
Transverse processes: club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior

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18
Q

Heart-shaped vertebral body

A

equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process

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19
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below

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20
Q

Superior articular processes

A

flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly

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21
Q

Inferior articular processes

A

project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly

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22
Q

Transverse process

A

club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior

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23
Q

Typical/Atypical ribs

A

3-9

1-2, 10-12

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24
Q

Rib head

A

expanded + usually with 2 articular surfaces separated by crest (smaller superior surface -> interior costal facet of vertebra body above) / (larger inferior facet -> superior costal facet of own vertebra)

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25
Rib neck
Short, flat region of bone -> separates head/tubercle
26
Tubercle
projects posteriorly from junction of neck with shaft + consists of two regions:
27
Tubercle regions
Articular: medial and has oval facet for articulation with corresponding facet on transverse process of associated rib Raised nonarticular is roughened by ligament attachments
28
Joints include
Intervertebral, costovertebral, costochondral, sternocostal and sternoclavicular Costotransverse joint: transverse process of related vertebra and rib
29
Costovertebral joins
Allow neck to rotate around longitudinal axes or ascend/descend relative to vertebral column Head of rib articulates with costal demifacets
30
Costotransverse joints
Synovial joints between rib tubercle & transverse process (related vertebra) Stabilised by 2 strong extracapsular ligaments -> spans TP/rib tubercle gap Costotransverse ligament: medial to joint & attaches neck of rib to TP Lateral costotransverse ligament: lateral to joint -> attaches tip of TP to roughened nonarticular part of tubercle of rib Superior costotransverse ligament: attach superior surface of neck of rib to TP of vertebra Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of vertebrae.
31
Sternocostal joints
Upper 7 costal cartilage + sternum Rib I and manubrium = NOT synovial -> fibrocartilaginous connection Rib II - VII = synovial -> thin capsules reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligaments
32
Intercostal spaces
Lie between adjacent ribs & filled with by intercostal muscles Intercostal nerves + associated major arteries/veins lie in costal groove along inferior margin of superior rib & pass in the plane between inner 2 layers of muscles In each space, veins is most superior structure -> highest in costal groove Artery is inferior to vein -> nerve is inferior to artery and not usually protected by groove Endothoracic fascia separates structures from underlying pleura -> contains variable amount of fat
33
Abduction/Adduction
Away from midline (moves in coronal plane) | Towards the midline (moves in coronal plane)
34
Medial Rotation
Rotation of joint towards midline
35
Lateral Rotation
Rotation of joint away from midline
36
Pronation/supernation
only in relations to arms (sup = up)
37
True Rib
Rib - Costal Cartilage - Sternum 1-7
38
False Rib
8-12 | 11/12 are floating
39
Thoracic cage description
Irregularly shaped osseocartilaginous cylinder -> convex formed by sternum, ribs and costal cartilage
40
Thoracic cage made out of
Vertebrae and Intervertebral disc Ribs Sternum Costal Cartilages
41
Thoracic cage function
Protection of viscera Muscle attachment Relations: Pectoral girdle (Clavicle/Scapula)
42
Thoracic cage boundaries
Roof: Pleural membrane over apex of lungs Floor: Diaphragm Walls: Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae and intercostal muscles
43
Superior thoracic aperture
Consists of body of vertebra TI posteriorly, medial margin of rib I on each side, manubrium anteriorly
44
Superior margin of manubrium is
same horizontal plane as intervertebral disc between vertebrae TII and TIII
45
Features of a typical vertebra
Heart-shaped vertebral body -> equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process Vertebral foramen is circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below - Superior articular processes are flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly - Inferior articular processes project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly Transverse processes: club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior
46
Heart-shaped vertebral body
equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process
47
Vertebral foramen
circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below
48
Superior articular processes
flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly
49
Inferior articular processes
project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly
50
Transverse process
club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior
51
Typical/Atypical ribs
3-9 | 1-2, 10-12
52
Rib head
expanded + usually with 2 articular surfaces separated by crest (smaller superior surface -> interior costal facet of vertebra body above) / (larger inferior facet -> superior costal facet of own vertebra)
53
Rib neck
Short, flat region of bone -> separates head/tubercle
54
Tubercle
projects posteriorly from junction of neck with shaft + consists of two regions:
55
Tubercle regions
- Articular: medial and has oval facet for articulation with corresponding facet on transverse process of associated rib Raised nonarticular is roughened by ligament attachments
56
Joints include
Intervertebral, costovertebral, costochondral, sternocostal &sternoclavicular Costotransverse joint: transverse process of related vertebra and rib
57
Costovertebral joins
- allow neck to rotate around longitudinal axes or ascend/descend relative to vertebral column Head of rib articulates with costal demifacets
58
Costotransverse joints
- Synovial joints between rib tubercle & transverse process (related vertebra) Stabilised by 2 strong extracapsular ligaments -> spans TP/rib tubercle gap Costotransverse ligament: medial to joint & attaches neck of rib to TP Lateral costotransverse ligament: lateral to joint -> attaches tip of TP to roughened nonarticular part of tubercle of rib Superior costotransverse ligament: attach superior surface of neck of rib to TP of vertebra Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of vertebrae.
59
Sternocostal joints
Upper 7 costal cartilage + sternum Rib I and manubrium = NOT synovial -> fibrocartilaginous connection Rib II - VII = synovial -> thin capsules reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligaments
60
Intercostal spaces
Lie between adjacent ribs & filled with by intercostal muscles Intercostal nerves + associated major arteries/veins lie in costal groove along inferior margin of superior rib & pass in the plane between inner 2 layers of muscles In each space, veins is most superior structure -> highest in costal groove Artery is inferior to vein -> nerve is inferior to artery & not usually protected by groove Endothoracic fascia separates structures from underlying pleura -> contains variable amount of fat
61
Pectoral girdle
Scapula and clavicle

102 - Theme 1 (8 decks)

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