L1. methods for studying emotion Flashcards
(50 cards)
Why do we induce/manipulate emotion (from a research perspective)?
- Test predictability of specific theory of emotions
- Test whether a state reliably causes a particular behaviours
- Study how emotions infl cog behaviours – reasoning and decision making
What does the method of emotion induction/manipulation/measurement depend on?
The research question and the related theoretical framework.
List the 5 main methods/materials used to induce/manipulate emotion.
- pictures
- music
- movies
- memory (recall)
- scripted social interactions
What is needed in order to induce emotion using movies/pictures/music?
Validated stimulus set
name the validated stimulus set commonly used for inducing emotion via pictures/images.
IAPS - International Affective Picture System
What does the IAPS measure (specifically)?
Positivity and arousal level of self-reported affective reaction to each image
[scripted social interactions] name the emotion elicited during difficult task, participant repeatedly interrupted by rude and inpatient experimenter (Stemmler et al. 2001)
anger
[scripted social interactions] name emotion elicited when apparatus rigged to break when participant touches it (B&B, 1966)
guilt
[scripted social interactions] name emotion elicited when participant asked to sing in front of camera (Miller, 1987)
embarrassment
What are the key ETHICAL guidelines for inducing emotions?
- Induced emotions should not be more intense than those experienced in daily life
- Induced emotions should be similar to those exp in daily life
- Participant debriefed afterwards
- Induced emotion must be extinguishable
What is the solution/alternative to the ethical constraints of inducing INTENSE emotions?
study naturally-occuring emotions
as opposed to studying induced ones
Which 2 designs can be used to study naturally-occurring emotions?
- quasi- experimental
2. correlational
What is the advantage of studying naturally-occurring emotions? (besides ethics)
High ecological validity
What is the disadvantage of studying naturally-occurring emotions?
Experimental controls - hard to demonstrate a causal relationship
Method of memory retrieval determines experience of emotion
During memory recall, what type of retrieval is needed in order to reactivate the original emotion?
retrieval with attention to vivid emotional aspects
Why are the emotions induced by music not always reliable? (2 reasons)
- emotions elicited may not correspond to the basic emotions (subjective)
- music induces subtle states/moods or diffuse/mix emotions.
Is induction via pictures good for multiple measures (repetition enabled)?
yes
Is induction via movies good for multiple measures?
no, few repetitions.
Is induction via memory recall good for multiple measures?
no, few repetitions.
In which circumstances is scripted social interaction most likely to be used (with reference to emotion)?
Used when emotion is difficult to elicit
and/or realistic state is desired
Which emotions are likely induced via scripted social interactions?
Strong and complex emotions
- Anger, fear, guilt, embarrassment
who is used?
How is emotion usually induced in young children (ethically)?
- Mother used to generate emotional responding
- Match mother’s facial expression
How does emotion affect categorisation?
During any strong emotional state, individuals temporarily form mental categories of objs/events that elicit the same emotion.
- Happy participants tend to form more categories based on emotional equivalences more than those in a neutral emotional state
Which form of sampling is usually used in correlational designs (study of naturally-occurring emotions)?
Experience sampling
