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physiology and pharma > L1 - neurotransmitter release > Flashcards

L1 - neurotransmitter release Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

what is SSRRRD

A 
Synthesis 
Storage 
Release 
Receptors 
Reuptake 
Degradation
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2
Q

list the types of NT release

A

spontaneous
asynchronous
calcium independant
synchronous

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3
Q

what is spontaneous NT release

A

small amounts of NT release that is calcium dependant but doesnt trigger action potential

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4
Q

what is asynchronous NT release

A

AP may be triggered but not in time with NT release.

Ca dependant also

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5
Q

describe calcium independent NT release

A

NT release via revere transportation of a transporter

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6
Q

what is synchronous NT release

A

calcium dependant release of NT triggers AP

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7
Q

describe process of synchronous NT release

A
  1. depolarisation of presynaptic neurone (beginning in axon travelling to presynaptic terminal)
  2. triggers opening of VGCCs - Ca influx
  3. causes vesicular movement and priming
  4. vesicles dock via snare proteins
  5. vesicle fusion with presynaptic membrane
  6. NT released and vesicle recycled
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8
Q

describe process of presynaptic neurone depolarisations

A
  1. EPSPs and IPSPs from dendrites further upstream summate at the cell body
  2. if the EPSPs are sufficient and reach the threshold -55mv an AP is generated in the axon hillock (spike initiation zone)
  3. AP travels down axon jumping between nodes of ranvier
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9
Q

why are APs initaited in the Axon hillock / spike initiation zone?

A

high concentration of VG Na and K channels

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10
Q

why do nodes of ranvier conduct AP well?

A

high concentration of VG Na and K channels

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11
Q

how does the AP change from the presynaptic axon to terminal and why

A

width in axon -> 2ms
width in presynaptic terminal -> 350ms

the presence of Ca channels increases the width of the AP

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12
Q

why does Ca infulx?

A

Conc trandient and voltage gradient

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13
Q

list the names of the subfamilies of calcium channels

A

Cav1 (L)
Cav2 (N)
Cav3 (T)

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14
Q

describe opening of Cav1 channels

A

stay open for long time, dont inactivate quickly

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15
Q

describe opening of Cav2 channels

A

open and inactivate at a speed between Cav1 and Cav3

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16
Q

describe opening of Cav3 channels

A

stay open for very short period (fastly inactivating)

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17
Q

explain the difference between C channel opening times

Study These Flashcards
A

the faster inactivating, briefly open Cav2&3 are involved in NT release
the longer open, slower inactivating Cav 1 is involved in muslce contraction

18
Q

describe general negative feedback pathway of NTs

Study These Flashcards
A

NT binds to GPCR coupled receptors (Go) which interacts with and blocks VGCC reducing the amount of Ca entering the terminal

19
Q

describe the general positive feetback mechanism of NTs

Study These Flashcards
A

NTs bind to Ligand gated ion channels on presynaptic membrane, allowing more Ca entry

20
Q

what receptor is involved in long term potentiation, describe it

Study These Flashcards
A 
NMDA glutamate 
(presynaptic, LGIC, allows Ca entry)
21
Q

name a calcium independant type of NT release

Study These Flashcards
A

reverse transportation of a transporter

22
Q

what is the difference between ion channels at the NOR and presynaptic terminals

Study These Flashcards
A

NOR -> Na and K

terminal -> Na, K and Ca

23
Q

which G protein subtype regulates NT release? where is it found

Study These Flashcards
A

Go

presynaptic membrane

24
Q

what is priming?

Study These Flashcards
A

vesicular movement and molecular changes that allow vesicle fusion to occur

25
what are SNARES
proteins found on vesicles and cell membranes | 65 residue domains`
26
name the 3 snare proteins
synaptobrevin syntaxin-1 SNAP25
27
where is synaptobrevin found? does it have TMDs how many SNARE motifs
vesicle membrane yes 1 1
28
where is syntaxin-1 found how many TMDs how many SNARE motifs
cell membrane, on top of SNAP25 0 1
29
where is SNAP 25 found does it have TMDs how many SNARE motifs
cell membrane yes 2
30
describe synaptotagmin components | where is it found ?
+ve amino acids (+ve charged) Ca binding motifs PIP2 binding motifs within snare complex
31
describe function of synaptotagmin
1. Ca binds to synaptotagmin 2. triggers binding of synaptotagmin to PIP2 3. leads to structural change opening up snare complex and membranes, releasing NT
32
describe process of vesicle fusion
1. Ca binds to synaptotagmin 2. triggers binding of synaptotagmin to PIP2 3. leads to structural change opening up snare complex and membranes, releasing NT (exocytosis)
33
what happens during vesicle recycling
readdition of synaptobrevin and transporters to vesicle membrane
34
describe co release
when two different NTs are released from the same terminal the NTs can either be in the same vesicle, or separate vesciles for each NT
35
what is segregation
where one axon has two different presynaptic terminals releasing different NTs`
36
example of two NTs that are co released? and where from
ATP and NA in sympathetic vas deferens
37
what controls Ca2+ release from ER / SR
ryanodine receptors (ca2+ mediated Ca2+ release) IP3 receptors
38
define EPSP
excitatory post synaptic potential. This is a subthreshold positive change in potential derived from an excitatory neuronal input through changes in Na+ conductance. These can summate to initiate the action potential at the axon hillock
39
define IPSP
inhibitory post synaptic potential. This is a subthreshold negative change in potential derived from and inhibitory neuronal input, usually thorough increase Cl- or K + conductance. These can also summate to make the potential more negative, and thus an action potential less likely to occur.
40
what occurs at the axon hillock>
summation of EPSPs and IPSPs
41
what features of the axon hillock that allow AP to be generated here
located very close to axon so is able to summate inputs from soma has high density of Na+ and K+ channels, so if the threshold for AP is reached many can open at once triggering an AP

physiology and pharma (18 decks)

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