L1- structure and function of respiratory system

Question 1

what does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 1

nose,nasal cavity and pharynx

Question 2

what does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 2

larynx,trachea,bronchi and lungs

Question 3

what are the two componenets of nose and nasal cavity?

Answer 3

external nose and internal nasal cavity

Question 4

T/F respiratory tract has many functions including filtration and humidifier

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what structure in the nose is used to filter the air?

Answer 5

nasal concha,ridges

Question 6

bones that construct external nose

Answer 6

septal cartilage
greater alar cartilage
nasal bone
extensions of the frontal and maxillary bones

Question 7

3 things internal cavity constructed with

Answer 7

nares,vestibule,posterior region of nasal cavity

Question 8

what are nares?

Answer 8

nostrils

Question 9

what are vestibules?

Answer 9

most anterior part of internal nasal cavity

Question 10

what is the anterior part of nasal septum made from?

Answer 10

cartilage

Question 11

what are choncae?

Answer 11

anterior and posterior part of interanal nares

Question 12

what is the posterior region of internal nasal cavity formed from?

Answer 12

vomer and ethmoid bone

Question 13

what is the floor of the nasal cavity made from?

Answer 13

hard palate

Question 14

where is the meatus?

Answer 14

between the conchea

Question 15

what lies within the meatus?

Answer 15

opening of paranasal sinuses

Question 16

where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?

Answer 16

within the lower inferior meatus

Question 17

where are olfactory epithelium?

Answer 17

superior region of nasal cavity

Question 18

3 regions of the pharynx

Answer 18

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 19

where would you find the auditory/eustachian tube openings?

Answer 19

within the nasopharynx

Question 20

what is positioned in a posterior region of the nasopharynx?

Answer 20

the pharyngeal tonsils

Question 21

where does the nasopharynx open into?

Answer 21

the oropharynx

Question 22

what can the oropharynx be considered as?

Answer 22

a junction point between the GI tract and respiratory tract

Question 23

where does the oropharynx extend from and to?

Answer 23

from the uvula to the epiglottis

Question 24

what can pass through the oropharynx?

Answer 24

air and ingested food

Question 25

what is the oropharynx lined with

Answer 25

a stratified squamous epithelium

Question 26

which tonsils do oropharynx contain?

Answer 26

contains 2 sets of tonsils, the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils

Question 27

where does the laryngopharynx extend from and to

Answer 27

the epiglottis to the openings of the oesophagus and the larynx

Question 28

what is the larynx made up of?

Answer 28

an outer casing of 9 cartilages

Question 29

how many of the 9 cartilages in the larynx are paired

Answer 29

6 are paired 3 are unpaired

Question 30

which is the largest of the cartilages

Answer 30

the superiorly positioned thyroid cartilage

Question 31

what forms the adams apple

Answer 31

the cartilages in the larynx

Question 32

what can be found attached to the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 32

the 2nd unpaired cartilage, the epiglotis

Question 33

what does the epiglottis consist of

Answer 33

elastic cartilage and forms a free flap

Question 34

how is the base of the larynx formed

Answer 34

by the unpaired cricoid cartilage

Question 35

what are the 6 paired cartilages of the larynx

Answer 35

arytenoid,corniculate,cuneiform

Question 36

where do the 2 pairs of ligaments extend from

Answer 36

the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilages the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage

Question 37

where does the 2 pairs of ligaments form

Answer 37

form the vestibular folds or the false vocal chords

Question 38

what does the inferior ligaments form

Answer 38

true vocal chords

Question 39

what is the glottis

Answer 39

the true vocal cords and the associated opening between them

Question 40

how can sounds be modified

Answer 40

by the lengthening or shortening of the vocal cords as a result of skeletal muscles moving the arytenoid cartilages

Question 41

what is the trachea what does it contain

Answer 41

a long membranous tube consisting of 15-20 C shaped cartilages

Question 42

what does the diameter of the trachea contain

Answer 42

consists of smooth muscle and a ligamentous membrane

Question 43

what does the trachea divide into

Answer 43

divides into the left and the right primary bronchi

Question 44

what does the right and left primary bronchi divide into and when

Answer 44

into secondary bronchi as they enter the lungs

Question 45

what do the bronchi finally give rise to

Answer 45

bronchioles

Question 46

shape of the lungs

Answer 46

conical shaped

Question 47

where do the lungs extend from

Answer 47

the diaphragm to a point 2.5cm superior to the clavicle

Question 48

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 48

3

Question 49

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 49

2

Question 50

what are the lobes divided into

Answer 50

lobules

Question 51

how are lobules separated from each other

Answer 51

by CT

Question 52

how many lobules does the left lung have

Answer 52

9

Question 53

how many lobules does the right lung have

Answer 53

10

Question 54

what enters the hilum of the lungs

Answer 54

blood vessels and nerves

Question 55

what is each lung contained within

Answer 55

a separate pleural cavity

Question 56

what are the pleural cavities formed from

Answer 56

2 pleural serous membranes

Question 57

what are the 2 pleural serous membranes

Answer 57

parietal and visceral

Question 58

what does the parietal pleura cover

Answer 58

inner thoracic wall the diaphragm and the mediastinum

Question 59

what does the visceral pleura cover

Answer 59

surface of the lung

Question 60

what is found between the 2 pleural serous membranes

Answer 60

pleural fluid

Question 61

2 functions of the pleural fluid

Answer 61

lubricate movement | holds the pleural membranes together

Question 62

when is it important for the pleural fluid to lubricate movement

Answer 62

during breathing of the pleural membranes past one another

Question 63

what does the pleural fluid holding the pleuring membrane ensure

Answer 63

slide easily over one another whilst making them hard to seperate

Question 64

the major route of the respiratory system blood supply

Answer 64

pulmonary artery

Question 65

the second and equally important route of blood supply of the respiratory system

Answer 65

supplying the tissue of the bronchi right down to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood

Question 66

how is supllying the tissue of the bronchi right doen to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood achieved by

Answer 66

via the bronchial arteries which are derived from the thoracic aorta

Question 67

what does the muscles of respiration include

Answer 67

include the diaphragm the muscles that elevate the ribs and the muscles that depress the ribs