L11: childhood disorders Flashcards
(108 cards)
factors that influence neurodevelopmental disorders?
developmental
biological
psychosocial
what is the scope of the problem?
most adults with first psych diagnosis met criteria for disorder in childhood
percent of canadian children with clinical disorder?
14% - clinical disorder that causes significant distress/impairment
- anxiety is most prevalent.
- mental health problems are leading cause of health problems in infancy
- <25% receive specialized treatment
- > 50% have 2+ concurrent disorders
US co-morbidity survey?
over 10,000 adolescents between 13-18 yoa sampled.
- 22.2% of adolescents had disorder with severe impairment/distress
- anxiety disorder is most prevalent
- specific phobia most common.
- girls more likely to have anxiety disorder than boys
median age for onset of childhood disorders
- anxeity: 6yoa
- behavioural disorder: 11 yoa
- mood disorder: 13 yoa
- substance use disorder: 15 yoa
are we overestimating psychopathology?
- some argue that social phobia = shyness
- other studies say there’s an underestimate of children/adolscents who need treatment
crisis in youth access to mental health services
only about 1/3 of adolescents receive service for disorder
- more severe = more likely addressed, but still only 1/2 treated.
- higher intervention for observable forms of disorder
- fewer than 1/5 with anxiety, eating disorder, substance abuse receive treatment.
what is developmental psychopathology?
involves disorders of childhood within the context of normal lifespan development, enabling us to identify behaviours that are appropriate at one stage but considered disturbed at another
what are externalizing problems?
overt, behavioural problems that are visibly expressed
what are internalizing problems?
symptoms experienced inside the person, not as noticeable
what are undercontrolled behaviours?
characterized by excess, extreme, not behaving in typical way
ie. adhd, early onset: autism, conduct disorder
what are overcontrolled behaviours?
passive, disinterested, inhibited
what are disorders of undercontrolled behaviour?
- adhd
- conduct disorder
- oppositional defiant disorder
adhd pre-1970:
identified as having minimal brain damage bc of similarities btw brain damaged children + hyperactive.
not true tho
3 main characteristics of ADHD
- deficits in attention
- hyperactivity
- impulsivity
other presentations of ADHD?
- difficulty controlling activity in situations that call to sit still
- peer-relations difficulty: aggressive/annoying behaviours
- difficulty implementing appropriate behaviour irl despite knowing sociall correct actions. - impulsive
co-morbidity of ADHD?
- learning disabilities in 15-30%
- 25% comorbid anxiety disorders
- overlap with conduct problems
- affective disorder, anciety, substance abuse + anti-social disorder.
- 50% placed in special education programs
people with ADHD more likely to?
- drop out of school
- have few friends
- engage in antisocial activities
- use tobacco or illicit drugs
- contract sti’s
- drive at excessive speeds
- have multiple car accidents.
- more likely to develop conduct problems
- more likely placed in special classes
- more likely to have peer difficulties
adhd vs conduct
- hyperactivity more assoc with?
- conduct more assoc with?
-H: more assoc with off-task behaviour in school, cognitive + achievement deficits, better long-term prognosis
C: acting out in school, more aggressive, anti-social parents.
co-morbidity of adhd + conduct/oppositional disorders?
50% when no intervention
- at risk for persistent antisocial behaviour
prevalence of ADHD?
- 29% worldwide
- more in boys than girls
- AA, hispanic, + other minority less likely to receive diagnosis.
factors assoc with increase risk of adhd diagnosis?
boy, raised by older mothers, externalizing problem behaviors, raised in English-speaking house.
change in severity of symptoms in adhd?
- decreases with age.
- at age 30-40 most no longer satisfy ADHD criteria.
- 50% will exhibit ongoing psychosocial impairment
symptom cut-off for adults with adhd?
5 or more symptoms required.
diff than children/adolescents = 6+ symptoms.