L11: LD - Mono/Bilingual Language Flashcards
(24 cards)
What does LD stand for in language acquisition?
LD - Mono / Bilingual Language
What is phonology?
Phonology: Learning the sound system of Language
What is a phoneme?
Phoneme: Smallest unit of sound
What are phonotactics?
Phonotactics: Rules about legal sound combinations
Are phonemes language-specific?
Yes, not all sounds exist in all languages.
What is the high amplitude sucking technique?
High Amplitude Sucking (Jusczyk, 1985): Dummy measures sucking rate; infants habituate to repeated sounds and dishabituate to new sounds.
What does the conditioned head-turn technique measure?
Conditioned head-turn (Werker, Polka & Pegg, 1997): Infants are trained to turn their head when hearing a change in sound; measures real-time brain activity in response to auditory changes.
What is native language phoneme discrimination?
Native Language Phoneme Discrimination (Werker & Tees, 1984): 6-8 month infants can discriminate both native and non-native phonemes; by 12 months, they can only discriminate phonemes relevant to their native language.
What is an example of native language phoneme discrimination?
Example: Japanese infants lose the ability to distinguish between ‘r’ and ‘l’ sounds.
What do infants track in statistical learning?
Infants track transitional probabilities between syllables.
Higher probability within words and lower between word boundaries.
What was the experiment conducted with 8-month-olds?
8-month-olds listened to artificial language with no clear word boundaries and preferred novel (part-word) sequences over familiar ones.
This implies segmentation ability.
What is word segmentation?
Parsing continuous speech into words.
Occurs between 7 to 10 months.
What are the cues used in word segmentation?
Cues include phonotactics, prosody, and statistical distribution of syllables.
What is prosody?
Rhythm and intonation patterns of language.
Helps with word segmentation, distinguishing between languages, and recognizing familiar voices and emotions.
What is bilingual language development?
Learning two languages from birth is known as bilingualism.
What is second language acquisition?
Learning a new language later in life.
What is bilingual processing?
Bilingual processing refers to how individuals who speak more than one language manage and use their languages.
What did Maneva & Genesse (2002) find about babbling in bilingual infants?
English babies babbled differently depending on the parent, showing sensitivity to language-specific phonology.
What is word segmentation in bilinguals?
Bilinguals can segment words in both languages, as shown by Polka & Sundera (2003).
What is the assumption of mutual exclusivity?
The assumption that objects have one label, which bilingual 1-year-olds restrict within each language.
What example illustrates mutual exclusivity in bilinguals?
Bilingual children may accept both ‘butterfly’ (English) and ‘moriposa’ (Spanish) as valid for the same object.
How does bilingualism affect the speed of language development?
Bilinguals may develop each language at different rates.
What is language transfer in bilinguals?
Transfer is applying one’s language rules to another language, e.g., ‘House Red’ (Spanish influenced Sorvetic).
What is code-mixing in bilinguals?
Code-mixing is mixing words/grammar from both languages in a single sentence, e.g., ‘Tu veux jouer aux brucks maintenant.’
