L12: SD - Social Development Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is early non-verbal communication in infants?
It includes emotional expressions without joint attention.
What are the types of distress signals in infants?
Physical discomfort, overstimulation, and disgust.
What are the types of contentment signals in infants?
Neutral/awake (rare), interest (open/relaxed or intense), and enjoyment (reflexive smile or social smile).
What is the basic emotions timeline for infants?
0-6 months: sadness, anger; 6-12 months: fear (novelty, anticipation of harm); stranger anxiety by 8 months.
What is the role of disgust in emotional development?
Disgust is not based on taste/smell and is learned through social learning.
Is emotional expression learned?
Evidence suggests it is not learned; emotions are universal and involuntary.
What do studies show about blind individuals and emotional expressions?
Blind individuals show typical emotional expressions, supporting the idea that emotions are innate.
What are the conclusions about basic emotions?
Basic emotions are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and help motivate behavior and communication needs.
What do infants imitate from birth?
Infants imitate others’ emotional expressions and actions.
(Meltzoff & Moore, 1977)
What is the possible role of imitation in infants?
Imitation may play a role in social learning and connection.
What do infants do at 4-6 months in response to others’ speech?
Infants vocalize in response to others’ speech and try to re-engage when adults become unresponsive.
What behavior do infants exhibit at 2 months when attempting re-engagement?
Infants may show sobering and gaze aversion.
What begins at 3+ months in terms of gaze?
Crazing following begins, where infants try to ‘see what you see.’
What preference do newborns have regarding faces?
Newborns prefer direct gaze.
(Farroni et al, 2002)
What type of sounds do infants prefer?
Infants prefer speech sounds to non-speech sounds and their mother’s voice over strangers.
What does the preference for familiar voices indicate?
It indicates that infants are primed for social engagement, especially with familiar people.
What is the progression of joint attention?
Moves from dyadic (person to person) to triadic (person-person-object focus)
What does joint attention facilitate?
Word learning and emotional message sharing
What was the Visual Cliff Experiment?
Infants placed near a ‘drop’ (visual cliff) to study their behavior
How does a mother’s emotion affect an infant’s behavior in the Visual Cliff Experiment?
High drop: 79% check with mother; Positive emotions (joy/interest): infants cross; Negative emotions (fear/anger): infants avoid crossing
What is social referencing?
Infants use caregivers’ emotions to guide uncertain behavior
What is the summary of emotional and cognitive connection in infants?
Infants are primed to connect with others emotionally and cognitively
What are innate emotional expressions considered in social language?
They are considered the basic social language
When do social behaviors like imitation and joint attention appear?
They appear early in development
