L13:S.D - Social Environment

Question 1

What predisposition do infants have?

Answer 1

Infants are predisposed to form relationships and learn from others.

Question 2

What affects an individual’s development?

Answer 2

The quality of social input affects individuals’ development.

Question 3

What are key influences in the social environment?

Answer 3

Parents, family characteristics, and peers are key influences.

Question 4

What aspects of parents influence social development?

Answer 4

Attachment, parenting style, and modeling.

Question 5

What family characteristics influence social development?

Answer 5

Birth order and family size.

Question 6

Why are peers critical in socialization?

Answer 6

Peers are critical for older socialization.

Question 7

What is stranger anxiety?

Answer 7

Stranger anxiety occurs around 8 months.

Question 8

What is separation anxiety?

Answer 8

Separation anxiety occurs around 12 months.

Question 9

What characterizes secure attachment?

Answer 9

Caregiver acts as a safe base; more stranger/separation anxiety but quicker recovery.

Question 10

What characterizes avoidant insecure attachment?

Answer 10

Negative or neglectful caregivers.

Question 11

What characterizes ambivalent insecure attachment?

Answer 11

Inconsistent caregivers.

Question 12

How is attachment measured?

Answer 12

Through the Ainsworth Strange Situation experiment.

Question 13

What is the importance of attachment quality?

Answer 13

Secure attachment leads to better social and emotional outcomes.

Question 14

What did Schneider et al (2001) find?

Answer 14

Peer competence is linked to early security.

Question 15

What did Simpson et al (2007) find?

Answer 15

Secure infants become competent teens and have positive adult relationships.

Question 16

What is the effect of Authoritative parenting?

Answer 16

Encourages compliance and self-esteem. Warm, structured guidance.

Question 17

What are the effects of Authoritarian parenting?

Answer 17

Leads to problem behavior and lower self-esteem. Emphasizes obedience without explanation.

Question 18

What characterizes Neglectful/Indulgent parenting?

Answer 18

Inconsistent discipline, associated with low self-esteem.

Question 19

What do infants do in terms of behavior modeling?

Answer 19

Infants imitate both prosocial and antisocial behavior.

Question 20

What did Bandura et al (1963) find regarding children’s behavior?

Answer 20

Children imitate aggressive behavior when modeled.

Question 21

What is the relationship between antisocial parents and children?

Answer 21

Antisocial parents lead to antisocial children.

Question 22

How do sibling relationships influence development?

Answer 22

Supportive siblings contribute to positive development.

Question 23

What does the Theory of Mind suggest about siblings?

Answer 23

More siblings foster development.

Question 24

What are some stereotypes related to birth order?

Answer 24

Stereotypes exist, such as first-borns being seen as leaders.

Question 25

What did Jefterson et al (1498) find regarding birth order and personality?

Answer 25

They found no real link between birth order and personality.

Question 26

What confounding factors affect the relationship between birth order and personality?

Answer 26

Family size and socioeconomic status are confounding factors.

Question 27

Why are peers critical in socialization?

Answer 27

Peers alter dynamics compared to family.

Question 28

What categories of peer acceptance did Coie et al (1982) identify?

Answer 28

The categories are popular, average, rejected, and neglected.

Question 29

What did Judich Herris (1495, 1998) conclude about peers vs parents?

Answer 29

Peers are more important than parents for social development outside the home.

Question 30

How do siblings differ in personality according to the research?

Answer 30

Siblings differ in personality more than expected if family environment were dominant.

Question 31

What are the effects of early parenting?

Answer 31

Early parenting affects attachment, compliance, and self-esteem.

Question 32

What role do siblings play in social and cognitive skills?

Answer 32

Siblings influence social and cognitive skills significantly.

Question 33

How do peers influence social adjustment?

Answer 33

Peers may surpass family in shaping social adjustment.

Question 34

What is socialization described as?

Answer 34

Socialization is a cumulative, interactive process across relationships.

Question 35

What are some stereotypes related to birth order?

Answer 35

Stereotypes exist, such as first-borns being seen as leaders.

Question 36

What did Jefterson et al (1498) find regarding birth order and personality?

Answer 36

They found no real link between birth order and personality.

Question 37

What confounding factors affect the relationship between birth order and personality?

Answer 37

Family size and socioeconomic status are confounding factors.

Question 38

Why are peers critical in socialization?

Answer 38

Peers alter dynamics compared to family.

Question 39

What categories of peer acceptance did Coie et al (1982) identify?

Answer 39

The categories are popular, average, rejected, and neglected.

Question 40

What did Judich Herris (1495, 1998) conclude about peers vs parents?

Answer 40

Peers are more important than parents for social development outside the home.

Question 41

How do siblings differ in personality according to the research?

Answer 41

Siblings differ in personality more than expected if family environment were dominant.

Question 42

What are the effects of early parenting?

Answer 42

Early parenting affects attachment, compliance, and self-esteem.

Question 43

What role do siblings play in social and cognitive skills?

Answer 43

Siblings influence social and cognitive skills significantly.

Question 44

How do peers influence social adjustment?

Answer 44

Peers may surpass family in shaping social adjustment.

Question 45

What is socialization described as?

Answer 45

Socialization is a cumulative, interactive process across relationships.