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Anatomy🧠 > L13: Classification Of Bones And Joint (alyaa) > Flashcards

L13: Classification Of Bones And Joint (alyaa) Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

How many bones in the body?

A

206

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2
Q

Skeletal divisions and the amount of bones they each contain:

A
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3
Q

Bones are classified according to their structure, which are?

A
  1. Compact
  2. Cancellous or spongy
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4
Q

Describe the compact structure of the bone:

A

Solid mass; dense & hard
forms the outer layer of bone structure functional unit — Haversian system

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5
Q

Describe the Cancellous/spongy form of a bone

A

contains spaces filled with red bone marrow

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6
Q

Bones are classified according to their shape, which are?

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Irregular bones
  4. Flat bones
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7
Q

Features of a long bone

A
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8
Q

Each long bone consists of?

A

1) Diaphysis (In the middle)
• filled with yellow marrow
• cylindrical, large space or canal at the center
• periosteum

2) Epiphysis (At the end)
• made up of cancellous tissue

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9
Q

What type of marrow is in a childs/adults bone?

A

Adults: yellow marrow (fat)
Child: red marrow

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10
Q

What shape is the humerus?

A

Long bone

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11
Q

What shape is the femur?

A

Long bone

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12
Q

What shape is the radius?

A

Long bone

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13
Q

What shape is the ulna?

A

Long bone

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14
Q

What shape is the tibia?

A

Long bone

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15
Q

What shape is the fibula?

A

Long bone

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16
Q

What shape are the phalanges?

A

Long bone

(Can be classified as long or short but the dr wants it as long)

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17
Q

Membranes covering the long bone:

A
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18
Q

How can you differentiate between a childs and an adults long bone?

A
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19
Q

What are the features of short bones?

A
  • cuboidal in shape
    -spongy bone covered with thin coat of compact bone
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20
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

short bone embedded in a tendon

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21
Q

What shape is the patella?

A

Short bone

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22
Q

What shape are the carpals (wrist)?

A

Short bones

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23
Q

What bone shape are the tarsals? (Ankle)

A

Short bones

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24
Q

What are flat bones + their function?

A

• broad or elongated flat plates

• protection & muscle attachments

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25
Bones of the skull are what shape?
Flat bones
26
The sternum is what shape?
Flat bone
27
The ribs are what shape?
Flat bones
28
The scapula is what shape?
Flat bones
29
What are the features of irregular bones?
All other bones not assigned to the previous groups (long, short, flat)
30
The vertebrae are what shape?
Irregular bones
31
The sacrum and coccyx are what shape?
Irregular bones
32
Bones at the base of the skull are what shape?
Irregular bones
33
Bones are classified according to development, which are?
1. Membranous 2. Cartilagenous
34
Examples of membranous bones:
- bones of the skull - mandible
35
What are membranous bones?
Bones that start as fibrous membrane, calcium gradually deposited until structure becomes ossified (intramembranous ossification)
36
Examples of cartilaginous bones
Long bones ONLY
37
What are Cartilagenous bones?
Cartilagenous bones start as totally cartilage, gradually ossified endochondral or intracartilagenous ossification.
38
Bones are supplied by 4 arteries, which are:
1. Epiphyseal artery 2. Metaphyseal artery 3. Periosteal artery 4. Nutrient artery
39
Describe the vascular supply of the bone:
40
How does the nutrient artery enter the bone?
This artery enters the shaft (or diaphysis) through the nutrient foramen
41
The nutrient artery anastomoses with the rest of the arteries where?
At the place of metaphyses
42
43
What supplies the medullary/cortex?
Nutrient Artery: - nourishes the WHOLE medullary cavity - inner 2/3 of the cortex (as well as metaphysis) Periosteal arteries: - supply OUTER 1/3 portion of the cortex
44
Where are epiphyseal arteries found?
on the non-articular bony surfaces.
45
Arthrology?
is the study of the joints
46
Joints are classified by?
1. By their freedom of movement 2. By how the 2 bones are joined together
47
Joints are classified by their freedom of movement:
48
Joints are classified by the manner adjacent bones are joined: (Basically ys2al shnu the type of joints)
1. Fibrous (have collagen fibers spanning the space between bones) 2. Cartilaginous (have 2 bones bound to each other by cartilage) 3. Bony (have 2 bones fused by osseous tissue) 4. Synovial joints [Have a synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the entire joint]
49
Examples of fibrous joints:
1. Sutures (cranial) 2. Gomphoses (between gum & teeth) 3. Syndesmoses (between 2 long bones)
50
Examples + types of Cartilaginous joints:
51
Example of bony joints
Synostoses (occurs normally in the fusion of cranial bones to form the adult skull.)
52
Types of synovial joints and their examples
53
Ligament and tendon attachments:
Ligament: bone-bone Tendon: bone-muscle
54
Articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces
55
Meniscus
is a pad of fibrocartilage in the jaw, wrist, knee
56
Describe the capsule of a synovial joint
- Synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the entire joint - Have a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the capsule) which secretes synovial fluid (a lubricating liquid) inside the cavity
57
What forms the outer layer of the bone structure functional unit?
Compact bone
58
What membranes cover the bone?
1. The periosteum (the outer membrane) 2. The endosteum (the inner membrane)
59
The periosteum covers almost all bones except?
except places capped in cartilage and the spots where ligaments and tendons attach.
60
True or false? Cancellous bone in adults have more spaces and bone marrow than a child does.
False, it’s the opposite
61
Explain why in a child, the epiphyseal plates have large spaces?
62
Compositions of flat bones?
- 2 thin layers of compact - Enclosing a thin layer of spongy bone
63
What is synovial fluid?
Lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
64
The most common classification of joint within the human body is?
Synovial Joints (diarthrosis)
65
What are synovial joints?
Joints between two or more bones without intervening cartilage or fibrocartilage, other than articular cartilage.
66
Example of a plane (gliding) joint?
Intercarpal Joints
67
Example of hinge joint?
Elbow/knee (Flexion extension only)
68
Example of Elipsoid (condyloid)?
Wrist joint

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