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Anatomy🧠 > L21: Classifications Of Skeletal Muscles (alyaa) > Flashcards

L21: Classifications Of Skeletal Muscles (alyaa) Flashcards

1
Q

How can you classify skeletal muscles?

A

By the way fascicles are organized

By relationships of fascicles to tendons

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2
Q

What are the 4 patterns of fascicle organization?

A
  1. Circular
  2. Convergent
  3. Pennate
  4. Parallel
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3
Q

Which type of muscle is powerful/not vey powerful?

A

Very powerful: Pennate
Not very powerful: Parallel

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4
Q

What are the different types of parallel muscles?

A
  • strap-like with broad attachments (aponeuroses)
  • strap-like with tendinous intersections (rectus abdominis)
  • fusiform: a spindle shaped muscle with an expanded belly
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5
Q

Give me an example of Strap-like muscle with broad attachments

A

-Sartorius

-Sternohyoid

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6
Q

Give me an example of Strap-like muscle with tendinous intersections

A

Rectus abdominis

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7
Q

Give me an example of a fusiform muscle

A

Biceps brachii

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8
Q

What happens when parallel muscles contract?

A

The muscle shortens, gets larger in diameter

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9
Q

“Circular shaped muscles”

  1. How and where are these muscles arranged
  2. What are these types of muscles called
  3. What happens when these muscles contract
A
  1. Arranged in concentric rings around an opening, typically found surrounding external body openings (mouth,vagina)
  2. They are usually called sphincters (which mean squeezers)
  3. As muscles contract, diameter of opening decreases
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10
Q

Example of circular muscle

A

Orbicularis oris muscles

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11
Q

Convergent muscles:

  1. How are they shaped
  2. How are the fascicles arranged
A
  1. Triangular or fan shaped
  2. Fasicles converge toward a single insertion tendon
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12
Q

What is an example of a convergent muscles

A
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13
Q

What are the types of Pennate muscles and how are they arranged?

A

1- unipennate: fascicles insert into only one side tendon
2- bipennate: fascicles insert into both sides of tendon
3- multipennate: tendon branches

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14
Q

Which type of muscle has the highest concentration of fibers, shorten little, but are very powerful ?

A

Pennate muscles

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15
Q

Which muscles fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon?

A

Pennate

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16
Q

What’s an example of a unipennate muscle?

A

extensor digitorum longus

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17
Q

What’s an example of a bipennate muscle?

A

Rectus femoris

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18
Q

What’s an example of a multi Pennate muscle?

A

Deltoid & subscapularis

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19
Q

Muscles can be classified into four functional
groups:

A
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20
Q

Which muscle is the prime mover of elbow flexion?

A

Biceps brachii

21
Q

What muscles are agonists and antagonists in elbow flexion, extension

A
22
Q

What’s the use of brachialis during elbow flexion?

A
23
Q

When a synergist
immobilize a muscle’s
origin they are called?

A

Fixators

24
Q

What is the action of a fixator

A

Their action serves to
stabilize the bone
upon which a prime
mover acts

25
Q

What’s an example of a fixator? + what does it do

A

Serratus anterior holds the scapula against the thorax
while a prime mover acts upon the arm

26
Q

What are the names to describe the relative position of a muscle?

A
27
Q

How are muscles named based on their direction of muscle fibers?

A
28
Q

What are examples of rectus, transverse and oblique muscles?

A
29
Q

How are muscles named based on their location?

A
30
Q

How are muscles named based on their relative size?

A
31
Q

How are muscles named based on their number of origins?+ what are examples of these muscles

A
32
Q

What are the different relative shapes of the muscle

A
33
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle attachments? And what is the mechanism of action?

A
34
Q

How are muscles named based on their actions? W shnu 6aree8at il action

A
35
Q

Motor and sensory fibers form up to ?% of nerve to the muscle?

A

60% motor
40% sensory

36
Q

What are muscle spindles

A
  • Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a skeletal muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle.
  • These delicate sensory receptors inform the CNS about changes in the length of individual muscles and the speed of stretching.
  • With this information, the CNS computes the position and movement of our extremities.
  • They are spindle-shaped sensory end organs of the skeletal muscle.
  • Each spindle contains 6 to 13 intrafusal muscle fibers which are of two types, the larger nuclear bag fibers, and the smaller nuclear chain fibers.
37
Q

What are motor fibers comprised of?

A
38
Q

What do motor axons innervate?

A

• Motor axons innervate skeletal muscle fibers at junctions called neuromuscular junctions, or motor end plates

• A single neuromuscular is associated with each muscle fiber

39
Q

Neuromuscular junctions are similar to?…

A

Synapses between neurons

40
Q

The neural part of the junction is a cluster of….

A

…typical axon terminals separated from the plasma membrane (sarcolemma) of the underlying muscle cell by a synaptic cleft

41
Q

Although neuromuscular junctions resemble synapses they have several unique features:

A

• Each axon terminal lies in a trough-like depression of the sarcolemma, which in turn shows groove-like invaginations

• The invaginations and the synaptic cleft contain a basal lamina that does NOT appear in synapses between neurons

42
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released when a nerve impulse reaches the terminals in a muscle? + what does it do?

A

The neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptor molecules on the sarcolemma, where it induces an impulse that signals the muscle cell to contract

43
Q

What breaks down ACh after its release? And when + why does it do that?

A

Acetylcholinesterase (in the basal lamina) breaks down acetylcholine immediately after the neurotransmitter signals a single contraction

• This assures that each nerve impulse in the motor axon produces just one twitch of the
muscle cell, preventing any undesirable additional twitches that would occur if acetylcholine lingered in the synaptic cleft

44
Q

What are sensory organs comprised of:

A

Myelinated fibers distributed to muscle spindles for proprioception (awareness of our position + movement) , also to tendons

45
Q

The spindle is innervated by both the sensory and motor nerves. The sensory endings are of two types:

A
46
Q

Skeletal muscle is ____% of body mass

A

40

47
Q

Skeletal muscles are mainly
responsible for __________,
and __________ and
___________.

A

Skeletal muscles are mainly
responsible for locomotion,
and voluntary contraction and
relaxation.

48
Q

Muscle spindles act as?

A

Stretch receptors

Anatomy🧠 (10 decks)

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