L13 Framing the determinants of population health Flashcards
What are the steps to the public health framework?
Define the problem
Identify risk and protective factors
Develop and test prevention strategies
Assure widespread adoption
What is a ‘cause’ for an individual regarding health?
any event, characteristic or other definable entity, that brings about a change for better or worse in health
What is a ‘cause’ for populations regarding health?
any event, characteristic or other definable entity, that brings about a change for better or worse in health - often the causes differ from the individual as the context of which the population exists is often the determinant
What are downstream interventions?
Interventions occurring at the micro level including treatment systems and disease management
What are upstream interventions?
Interventions operating at the macro level such as government policies and international trade agreements
What is a proximal determinant?
A determinant of health that is proximate or near to the change in health status - directly associated with the change in health status (diet to obesity)
What is a distal determinant?
A determinant of health that is either distant in time and/or place from the change in health status (upstream factors like political decision)
What is the Dahlgren and whitehead model?
A level by level structure showing the determinants of health changes in a population - helps one to identify risk or protective factors
What is level 1 of the Dahlgren and Whitehead model?
The individual:
Age, sex, and constitutional factors - factors that are non-modifiable determinants (genes and biology)
Lifestyle factors - food, exercise, risky behaviors
What is level 2 of the Dahlgren and Whitehead model?
The community:
Social and community networks - families and friends in determining ones normative behaviours
Living and working conditions
What is level 3 of the Dahlgren and Whitehead model?
The environment:
General socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions
examples include
physical environment - water quality
built environment - building, infrastructure
cultural environment - values, beliefs
biological environment - disease and toxins
the ecosystem - climate change and biodiversity
political environment - government priority to health
What is structure in population health?
Social and physical environmental conditions (determinants) that influence choices and opportunities available
What is agency in population health?
The capacity of an individual to act independently and make free choices
